Humans have always imagined states of existence different from the ones that they experience in their everyday lives. In fact, the pervasive feeling of dissatisfaction with our physical constraints could be seen to be the main motivating factor for religious as well as scientific thought. From ancient mythologies to modern popular culture, humans have created myriad images of transformations of the body and mind into forms that allow them to interact with the world differently.

Why do humans search for perfection? This is by no means an easy question to answer: in fact it directs us to the numerous definitions that have been given to the question what makes us human? Dostoyevsky, after spending some time in a Siberian prison, came to the conclusion that the human is the creature that can adapt to anything (Dostoyevsky 1985). This is a significant definition because it highlights the human propensity to change in response to external circumstances with both positive consequences (it helps us to survive), and negative ones (it induces us to blindly accept injustice). The harsh situation in which this definition was created also points to a major incentive that humans have for adapting: to avoid suffering the suffering that comes from disease, isolation, poverty, oppression and prejudice.

We could therefore say that one reason that humans search for perfection, and for what the spiritually inclined would call transcendence, is because they are not only aware of suffering (arguably most animals are), but also, and more importantly, because they critically reflect on their suffering, and can recognize and reflect on the suffering of others. Deliberately changing what we are means, in many ways, letting go of what makes us suffer.

Transhumanism (or Human Plus, H+) is a social and philosophical movement that explores the uses of technology for the positive transformation of human capacities, and the social, political and ethical implications that such a transformation would carry. Its ideological uniqueness lies in an almost existentialist interpretation of science: while acknowledging the value of the scientific method based on the principles of precision, objectivity and falsifiability it foregrounds its relevance for social justice, self-determination and personal fulfilment, in other words, for improving the human condition. In transhumanism, therefore, science is owned differently than in humanism, where it was a symbol of human intellect, ingenuity and a key to the truth. The transhumanist perspective, generally, begins with the question of human experience and then takes an activist approach, looking to science to find how it can alleviate suffering and thereby improve this experience.

The writers in this Special Issue agree that the use of science to alter and ameliorate human capacities is certainly not a new phenomenon. Looking only at the last hundred years or so, for example, we find scientific breakthroughs that have radically altered human existence, even though they are now so closely assimilated into our lives that we often take them for granted. To name just a few of these changes: the contraceptive pill has liberated women from the demands of reproduction and changed the structure of the workforce, antibiotics have obliterated previously fatal diseases, and aviation technology has facilitated rapid global travel. Because of such developments we have better control over our bodies, enjoy longer life spans and can make multiple and fast relocations to different parts of the planet, radically changing our life experiences.

What these writers also recognize, however, is that recent scientific developments have accelerated the rate of change, taking it into areas that cannot be predicted. Genome research, the imaging of the brain and the creation of more and more intelligent computers are re-defining and re-adjusting the level of control we have over our bodies, our lifestyles and the environment in which we interact. This context makes it imperative that we theorize science-driven changes so as to integrate them more rationally and effectively in our policies, social regulations and individual life plans (Hughes, 2004). This Special Issue offers a flavor of transhumanist approaches to this endeavor, and a glimpse into the transhumanist vision of the future of humanity.

In considering transhumanism, we should keep in mind that it is essentially a human (even if not humanist) movement. As Patrick Hopkins points out in his essay, transhumanist ideals stem from the propensity of humans to imagine themselves to be other than what they are. This propensity hides a paradox: what humans often strive to escape is what they have in fact evolved to be. The imagination creates environments that seem desirable but that may not be suitable for humans, which means that we can long for what we are not actually any good at (such as a state of existence with no struggle and adversity). Realizing this can lead either to an attempt at changing our evolutionary heritage into a literally trans-human state (something other than human), or to equating improvement with enhancement. The latter implication means we would aim to strengthen, rather than surpass, our evolved traits, thereby making ourselves super-human what Hopkins aptly calls superprimates. Therefore, when considering technologies that can transform the human constitution, we need to decide carefully what we want to keep and what we want to discard, and what the assumptions and beliefs are behind each choice.

What are some ways in which such transhuman transformations can occur? A major theme of transhumanist discourses is the development of specific technologies aimed at assisting our quest to lead fulfilling lives. One area that has received much attention in this regard, both from transhumanist and cultural theorists, is computer technology and the electronic media. Cyberspace and the Internet, in particular, have been hailed as signalling the emergence of new conceptions of identity. There is widespread agreement that the Internet has produced new social settings and re-structured communication patterns and perceptions of space. Some have even paralleled its influence on social behavior to architectural changes and the effects of migration and urbanization (Meyerowitz 1985). At the same time, there is an increasing concern by others that such non-physical spaces encourage escapism, addictive behavior and emotional isolation. MIT media theorist Sherry Turkle represents this view when she says that for those who are lonely yet afraid of intimacy, information technology has made it possible to have the illusion of companionship without the demands of friendship (Turkle, 2004, n.p.).

Another way to explore information technologies, however, is through their potential to accurately assess an individuals cognitive and/or emotive weaknesses or difficulties, and then offer the means to overcome them. In his article, William Bainbridge describes numerous examples of personalized information technologies, where computer systems act as guides and mentors for the users. Originally developed to replace lost or damaged functions in the physically or cognitively disabled, such technologies are now being generalized to enhance normal human abilities. For example location-aware mobile computing has successfully helped cognitively impaired people to move around without getting lost. In the future, the functions of this technology could be expanded to include showing the users not only where they are, but also how close they are to locations that are suited to their disposition and values where to go and where not to go.

Also, computer games are increasingly challenging traditional narrative form through increased user participation. Now, players must follow the dictates of the system and play a game correctly, if they are to enjoy the experience. One cannot play a game such as the hugely popular Grand Theft Auto, for example, non-aggressively or oppositionally, by leading the protagonist to perform charitable acts, or by propelling the story through the actions of marginal characters (Barr, Marsen and Noble 2005). The narrative structure of the game assumes certain values with which the player must comply in order to progress the action, making it more a case of the game playing the player than vice versa. Current computer game development, however, aims to change this and increase interactivity to the point where the player can give the story different endings, and direct the narrative action from different perspectives.

Having started as visual media with limited interactivity, computer games are becoming immersive, engaging more of the users senses, and even pervasive, where the simulated environment links with a persons daily life. Virtual Reality is already being used to treat physical and emotional trauma, and Bainbridge imagines a future therapy, which he calls Displacement Therapy, where the system analyzes a users weaknesses and creates a pervasive environment where the user can safely perform actions that will enable him/her to overcome these weaknesses.

In a similar vein, Sam Kenyon examines the significance of the interface as a meeting ground between humans and machines, in a future where individuals will need to engage intimately with technology. Taking his lead from the prototypical conflict scenarios of Humans-Against-Machines and We-Become-Them, Kenyon shows how the perceived dichotomy between the machinic and the human is being bridged by implants that re-define boundaries of self, relationship with other, and perceptive ability.

Other writers look beyond the types and uses of emerging technologies to their philosophical and social implications. Comparing the transhumanist with the humanist approaches to science, Riccardo Campa raises the question of the motivations of the scientific endeavour itself. In its history and philosophical underpinnings, science emerged as a spiritual activity aimed at reaching the truth and pure knowledge. Is the transhumanist perspective changing science into an instrument for improving the human condition, and what are the epistemological implications of such a shift in attitude? In a parallel way, improving the human condition does not only entail developing technologies that overcome human limitations, but also involves satisfying existential concerns, which leads to a personally meaningful life. As Campa asks, can living forever replace knowing the sense of ones life? And is it appropriate to look to science for the answer to this question?

In this trajectory into the meaning of science, Campa explores the relations between individual existence and the world in which this existence unfolds. It could be that the world is really alien to us, but it could also be that we are just not intelligent enough to understand it and in doing so re-negotiate our existence within it. In fact, it could be that our existential dissatisfaction and anxiety stem from cognitive underdevelopment, and should be seen as obstacles to overcome rather than as defining criteria of human sensibility.

Taking his lead from C. S. Lewis essay The Abolition of Man, Gregory Jordan also visits this theme, by pondering the concepts of motivation, rationality and value, and positing them against the model of the technologically enhanced human. Jordan considers the possibility that by technologically modifying our minds we may have better access to the qualities that make us human. This access may in turn enable us to strengthen the characteristics that we consider as defining us positively. In some ways paradoxically, we may transcend human weaknesses by embracing essential human qualities such as benevolence, exuberance and tolerance, and gaining more control over them: the trans human may well be the very human.

How do changes in the human body and mind affect attitudes towards oneself and towards others, and what would their implications be for the norms and ethics of social interaction? Joseph Jackson invites us to re-consider our ideas of morality and aesthetics in the backdrop of a future world where physical appearance, sexual orientation and gender are no longer evolved or genetic traits but matters of choice and preference. In this world, preferences are morally inert, and all evaluation of individually selected enhancements should be seen as an aesthetic appreciation rather than a moral judgement.

However, such a world where an individual is empowered to choose his/her ability and appearance cries out for a socially recognized balance between ones preferences and anothers a monitor that would ensure that ones preference does not become anothers obligation, such as in a you have to become what I like scenario. In fact, such a world cries out for a developed capacity to empathize. PJ Manney stresses the importance of empathy in any community that claims to be ruled by social justice and equal rights to happiness for all its members. Manney rightly points out that we already have a technology enabling us to develop empathic capacity. This technology is the universal trait we share as a species our storytelling capacity. Storytelling, in particular in the form of sophisticated written narratives, such as novels, offers us a creative and safe space in which to hypothesize, project different outcomes to events, reflect on causal processes, and consider the effects of different emotions.

Actually, and perhaps in some ways paradoxically, by developing empathic inter-subjectivity, the ability to see the world from anothers perspective, we also become more objective and realistic. One of the greatest lessons to be learnt from empathy is that otherness is not something one has to deal with (but would rather not have to), but is actually a way through which one can conceptualize ones own potential as more-than-self. The other can offer the self many occasions to reflect on what it would be like to live in a different physical form with its own strengths and weaknesses, as well as its own wishes, desires and fears. In this context, tolerance for diversity is transformed into something else: the potential to experience, even if vicariously, different possibilities of life. This potential in turn enables us to choose more appropriately our own social performances, and, in a transhuman future, perhaps even our forms of embodiment.

What are the implications of all these transhumanist ideas and possibilities for us humans as we exist now? Taking a practical perspective, George Dvorsky describes his daily habits as reflective of his transhumanist principles. From a description of what he eats every day to how he uses technology, Dvorksy gives an example of life choices informed by expectations of the future what a human may do now in hope of leading a transhuman life in the future. In a parallel way, a possible perspective of the transhuman being itself is imaginatively narrated by Nick Bostrom, who takes a future perfect angle on existence, addressing the reader from a position of completion and arrival, set in a post-human future, rather than from a position of departure and uncertainty.

As Cory Doctorow points out in his essay, transhumanist ideas are as much about the present, and the human, as they are about the future, and the trans-human. More than merely describing an evolutionary inevitability, they mirror actual human desires and fears, and show us what we already possess, and what we would like to possess in our quest for perfection and the abolition of suffering. In doing this, transhumanist thought does more than just promote technology as a catalyst for human improvement. The insights it offers into our potential can absolve us from the primitive and paralyzing guilt that plagues our search for happiness, pleasure and beauty, encouraging us instead to seek freely and purposely sights more majestically beautiful, music more deeply soul-stirring, sex more exquisitely erotic, mystical epiphanies more awe inspiring, and love more profoundly intense (Pearce 2007, n.p.)

Barr, P., Marsen, S. and Noble, J. 2005. Oppositional Play: Gathering negative

evidence for computer game values. Proceedings of the Second Australasian

Conference on Interactive Entertainment, Sydney, Australia, pp. 3-10. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1109181

Dostoyevsky, F. 1985 (original 1862). The House of the Dead. Translated by David McDuff. London: Penguin

Hughes, J. 2004. Citizen Cyborg: Why democratic societies must respond to the redesigned human of the future. New York: Westview Press.

Meyerowitz, J. 1985. No Sense of Place: The impact of electronic media on social behavior. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Pearce, D. 2007. The Hedonistic Imperative (Introduction). http://www.hedweb.com/hedethic/hedonist.htm

Turkle, S. 2004. How Computers Change the Way We Think. The Chronicle of Higher Education. January 30, Volume 50, Issue 21, Page B26. http://chronicle.com/weekly/v50/i21/21b02601.htm

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Becoming More Than Human: Technology and the Post-Human ...

A Day Retreat with Zen Teacher Pat George

Saturday, January 9, 2016

When:Saturday, November 14, 10am 12pm

Where:Radnor Friends Meeting, 620 Conestoga Rd, Villanova, PA, United States (map)

Description:

Sutra:MN 14 PTS: M i 91 Cula-dukkhakkhandha Sutta: The Lesser Mass of Stress &MN 36 PTS: M i 237 Maha-Saccaka Sutta: The Longer Discourse to Saccaka

Led byWilliam Stauffer

Click to read more

When: 1 pm to 6 pm, Saturday, November 14, 2015. Please come by 12:45. NOTE:This Retreat is at a different time than the usual retreat times

Where: Plymouth Meeting Friends, 2150 Butler Pike, Click to read more

When:Saturday, October 10, 10am 12pm

Where:Radnor Friends Meeting, 620 Conestoga Rd, Villanova, PA, United States (map)

Description:Sutra: MN118, npnasati Sutta (Mindfulness of Breathing)

Led byJulianna Lipschutz

Note:Prior to the Sutra Study, there will be sitting meditation from 9:30AM to 9:50AM. Please bring your own hard Click to read more

When:Saturday, September 19th,10AM to 4PM

Where:Plymouth Meeting Friends, 2150 Butler Pike, Plymouth Meeting, PA

No pre-registration necessary, please arrive around 9:30AM for set up.

This retreat will incorporate sequences of mindful Yoga practices in order to help our Buddhist practice of meditation or Click to read more

When: Sunday, September 13, 2015, 7:30PM 9PM

Where: Plymouth Meeting Friends, 2150 Butler Pike, Plymouth Meeting, PA

Description: How Can We Understand Self, No-Self, and Non-Self in Buddhism? Led by Richard McKinney

Click here to learn more about our Lecture and Discussion series

When:Saturday, September 12, 10am 12pm

Where:Radnor Friends Meeting, 620 Conestoga Rd, Villanova, PA, United States (map)

Description: Sutra: MN86, Angulimala Sutta (To Angulimala, a murderer)

Led byZachary Brown

Note:Prior to the Sutra Study, there will be sitting meditation from 9:30AM to 9:50AM. Please bring Click to read more

Follow this link:
Philadelphia Buddhist Association

If you look at the different aspects of your life about whats really important to you, what do you see? Are you as happy or as satisfied as can be with all those areas, or do you feel like youre stuck inone or more of them andwant to be in a better place?

Are there difficult decisions and changes you need to make in your family life, relationships, career, or spiritual path? Do you need to increase your confidence or motivation to do things? Do you desire a more peaceful, stress-free andpositive life?

Imagine working with your very own champion that supports you to achieve your life dreams and professional goals.The time to act is now so take that small, first step to change your life and get where you want to be.

Below are some of the most common areas in which I support my clients as a personal life coach:

If there are one or more areas in your life that would make you much happier and more peaceful if you improved it, and you are ready to do something about it then hiring an effective life coach will help you.

Please click to continue: find out more about the coaching process | book a preliminary coaching session.

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Personal Coaching to Change Your Life

Doggy Toys: http://jennamarblesblog.com/shop

I am not certified in any kind of diet field or exercise field!!!!! Please take this as pure opinion and what works for me.

Sorry this is not a funny video. But I get asked this constantly and my fingers are tired from typing it.

Here is a link to my EPIC blender, I actually have an older version of this that I have had for 5 years and never had any problems with. Comes with 2 cups and blades so you can make smoothies for you and your fuck buddy at the same time, and also comes with the giant dispensing thing that is spectacular for making frozen margaritas haha. http://www.google.com/products/catalo...

And here is the link to my vegan cookbook, there are so many out there so maybe you can find one that works better for you (ie there are books for people that need to cook meals for families and others that eat meat when you don't, some are more fancy and have more ingredients, I just like this one because it's very practical, easy recipes, and tells you all of the nutrition information in the meals you are cooking)

http://www.amazon.com/Everything-Vega...

Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Jenna-M...

Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/Jenna_Marbles @Jenna_Marbles

@CharlesMarbles

@Kermit_thedog

Merchandise (dog toys, shirts and more): http://jennamarblesblog.com/shop

Blog: http://www.jennamarblesblog.com/

Tumblr: http://jennamarbles.tumblr.com/

Instagram JennaMarbles

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Questions About My Diet And Exercise - YouTube

This is a very high-powered book. Stressful thinking is wreaking havoc on the lives of so many in our fast-paced world. davidji offers a comprehensive course written in a language that you can grasp and apply immediately, all within the covers of one book.

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I love the genuineness and raw simplicity of davidjis powerful message. His style is inclusive and inviting rather than exclusive and elitist. Bottom line: I want to have an outlook on life just like davidji.

Laurent Potdevin, CEO, lululemon

davidji is a master teacher who illuminates a better way to be human by bringing bleeding-edge research to life and showing practical ways to change your mind-set about stress.

Shawn Achor, happiness researcher and New York Times best-selling author of The Happiness Advantage

davidjis fundamentally human approach gets at a simple truth: if we are happier, healthier, and more aware of our inner motivations, we will perform better in our jobs, be better parents or spouses, and be more present for our clients. This is true because, thanks to davidjis guidance, we have a better understanding of what peace of mind is and how to achieve it.

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davidji is a wonderful teacher who brings joy and awareness to the world.

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davidji has written a powerful, practical, and inspiring manual to help us understand and radically transform our relationship to stress. Written with a brilliant blend of clarity, compassion, and wisdom, it enlightens the mind and uplifts the heart.I highlyrecommenddestressifyingas essential reading for anyone who wants to live a more peaceful and joyful life!

Dr. Barbara De Angelis,#1 New York Times best-selling authorof Soul Shifts

Im a huge fan and a lucky friend. I love being in davidjisgreat, robust, rich, delicious, deep, peaceful, funny, people- and animal-loving presence. Hes a wonderful teacher, anddestressifyingis a book we all need to read and embrace.

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davidji is a divine teacher and a soulful leader. In his book destressifying, he offers a practical guide to managing stress with grace. In a world where stress has become an epidemic, this book is a must-read. davidjis wisdom and tools will clear the blocks to the presence of peace we all long for.

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If Id read this book as a beginning meditator, Id have avoided a lot of false starts, perceptual errors, and backaches.Reading it now, many years into my own practice, I still found jewels that enriched and brightened my meditation and my life.davidji is a gentle, kind, patient, clever teacher whose words can help lighten your stress and facilitate your quest for greater wisdom.

Martha Beck,New York Times best-selling author of Finding Your Way in a Wild New World

davidji is an incomparable teacher. The depth and breadth of his wisdom is unsurpassed. With davidji, the Blue Courage team of police officerswho teachthousands of cops annuallyhave laughed, cried, learned, grown, and transformed. davidji has the solutions that protect those who protect us. Through davidji, hearts are healed, souls are inspired, spirits are ignited, and minds are expanded. Oh yesand lives are saved! In a modern world desperately in need of greater awareness and resilience, destressifyingis your must-read! Thank you, davidji!

Michael J. Nila, police commander (Ret.), Blue Courage founder and managing partner

davidjiis an internationally recognized stress-management expert, meditation master, corporate-wellness trainer, public speaker, and author. After a 20-year career in finance, business, and mergers and acquisitions, davidji began a new journey to wholeness by apprenticing under Deepak Chopra for ten years as the Chopra Center COO and lead educator, and became the first dean of Chopra Center University. He now travels the world helping individuals awaken to the best version of themselves; his real-world techniques and guided meditations have been used by hundreds of thousands around the globe to destressify and take their lives to the next level. davidji has a deep passion for working with those in high-stress, high-pressure situations. Through the Blue Courage Awareness Training curriculum, his teachings are practiced in some of the largest precincts and police academies in the U.S. Each week, he hostsLIVE from the SweetSpot, now in its fifth yearon HayHouseRadio.com. Join the davidji SweetSpot Community at http://www.davidji.com

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destressifying: The Real-World Guide to Personal ...

Tetra Images - Yuri Arcurs/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images

Self-awareness is important in every area of life, but it's essential when dealing with relationships. If you're aware of the things you say and do, you'll be able to recognize when your actions bother or anger someone else.It sounds straightforward, but it takes some adults years before they understand what this concept means, and how to apply it to their life.

What Does It Mean to Be Self-Aware?

Self-awareness means that you have a solid understanding about who you are and how you relate to the world. This means being mentally and emotionally present in situations, and understanding how your actions affect people. It also means that you're clued into to what you really enjoy and dislike.

This concept is not as simple in practice, however.

Many things in life can change us, for good or bad, and these changes cloud self-awareness. Some things that can wreak havoc on our awareness are:

Do You Have a Problem With Self-Awareness?

One sure way to determine if you've got an issue with self-awareness is that you feel everyone else is always to blame for things. For example:

In each of these examples, what's missing is self-reflection. If these sound a little like your own life, do some soul searching to determine if you could be more aware. Most us can be, so you're not alone. What's more, self-awareness is a continual process. The more you do it, the better you will be at determining how the way you think and act affects your own happiness.

Self-Awareness and Conflict

Another common trait of those unaware is an inability to give and receive apologies. When someone apologizes, they either may not accept it at all, or believe that the person needs to keep apologizing. They don't understand what it means to truly accept someone's apology and move on, and as a result they continually harm the relationship by rehashing old arguments.

By contrast, they rarely apologize when they should, and if they do it's a non-apology instead of a genuine acknowledgement for how they acted. Their focus stays on what someone else did instead of their own contribution to the argument. (Here's more about different types of apologizes.)

Being More Self-Aware

The first step to self-awareness is to look at past issues you've had with people and be honest with yourself. Sometimes it's so hard to think that we might have messed up that we don't allow ourselves to reflect on the actions we took to help prolong or cause an argument.

Admitting you have a part in how people treat you is a hard concept to embrace at first. The following thoughts can act as a warning sign for better self-awareness.

When you think these thoughts, turn the focus back to yourself and see if there was something you did to push someone's buttons, start an argument, or prolong a disagreement. If someone blows up at you and you feel it's "out of the blue," take a moment and see if perhaps you were pushing them toward anger or resentment for awhile. Sometimes subtle nagging or condescension builds, and a friend who put up with your negative qualities before will suddenly not stand for it any longer. This is a good time to reflect on your actions.

When you do have an argument, listen closely to what your friend is telling you. It can be really hard to hear negative things about our actions, but if a friend is hurt you might have done something without even realizing it. Ask your friend to share their frustration with you so you can learn. If your friend is done with you, then go back over the attitudes you've had toward them (that you thought were hidden) and see if perhaps you weren't as good a friend as you should have been.

Self-awareness is important in our relationships, but you also have to balance it. The act of self-reflection should be to determine how your actions affect your friendships, not to act as a martyr or take the blame for everything. Understanding your role and acknowledging the things you do wrong will help you keep a harmonious social life.

Stay up to date on the latest Friendship news and learn more about meeting new people, forming friendships, and keeping great pals in your life. Sign up for our free Friendship newslettertoday!

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How to Be More Self-Aware - Understanding Yourself

Awareness is the ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events, objects, thoughts, emotions, or sensory patterns.[1] In this level of consciousness, sense data can be confirmed by an observer without necessarily implying understanding. More broadly, it is the state or quality of being aware of something. In biological psychology, awareness is defined as a human's or an animal's perception and cognitive reaction to a condition or event.

Awareness is a relative concept. An animal may be partially aware, may be subconsciously aware, or may be acutely unaware of an event. Awareness may be focused on an internal state, such as a visceral feeling, or on external events by way of sensory perception. Awareness provides the raw material from which animals develop qualia, or subjective ideas about their experience. Insects have awareness that you are trying to swat them or chase after them. But insects do not have consciousness in the usual sense, because they lack the brain capacity for thought and understanding.

Popular ideas about consciousness suggest the phenomenon describes a condition of being aware of one's awareness or, self-awareness.[2] Efforts to describe consciousness in neurological terms have focused on describing networks in the brain that develop awareness of the qualia developed by other networks.[3]

Neural systems that regulate attention serve to attenuate awareness among complex animals whose central and peripheral nervous system provides more information than cognitive areas of the brain can assimilate. Within an attenuated system of awareness, a mind might be aware of much more than is being contemplated in a focused extended consciousness.

Basic awareness of one's internal and external world depends on the brain stem. Bjorn Merker,[4] an independent neuroscientist in Stockholm, Sweden, argues that the brain stem supports an elementary form of conscious thought in infants with hydranencephaly. "Higher" forms of awareness including self-awareness require cortical contributions, but "primary consciousness" or "basic awareness" as an ability to integrate sensations from the environment with one's immediate goals and feelings in order to guide behavior, springs from the brain stem which human beings share with most of the vertebrates. Psychologist Carroll Izard emphasizes that this form of primary consciousness consists of the capacity to generate emotions and an awareness of one's surroundings, but not an ability to talk about what one has experienced. In the same way, people can become conscious of a feeling that they can't label or describe, a phenomenon that's especially common in pre-verbal infants.

Due to this discovery medical definitions of brain death as a lack of cortical activity face a serious challenge.[citation needed]

Down the brain stem lie interconnected regions that regulate the direction of eye gaze and organize decisions about what to do next, such as reaching for a piece of food or pursuing a potential mate.[citation needed]

The ability to consciously detect an image when presented at near-threshold stimulus varies across presentations. One factor is "baseline shifts" due to top down attention that modulates ongoing brain activity in sensory cortex areas that affects the neural processing of subsequent perceptual judgments.[5] Such top down biasing can occur through two distinct processes: an attention driven baseline shift in the alpha waves, and a decision bias reflected in gamma waves.[6]

Outside of neuroscience biologists, Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela contributed their Santiago theory of cognition in which they wrote:

Living systems are cognitive systems, and living as a process is a process of cognition. This statement is valid for all organisms, with or without a nervous system.[7]

This theory contributes a perspective that cognition is a process present at organic levels that we don't usually consider to be aware. Given the possible relationship between awareness and cognition, and consciousness, this theory contributes an interesting perspective in the philosophical and scientific dialogue of awareness and living systems theory.

In cooperative settings, awareness is a term used to denote knowledge created through the interaction of an agent and its environment in simple terms knowing what is going on.[8] In this setting, awareness is meant to convey how individuals monitor and perceive the information surrounding their colleagues and the environment they are in. This information is incredibly useful and critical to the performance and success of collaborations.[9][10] Awareness can be further defined by breaking it down into a set of characteristics:[11]

Different categories of awareness have been suggested based on the type of information being obtained or maintained:[12]

These categories are not mutually exclusive, as there can be significant overlap in what a particular type of awareness might be considered. Rather, these categories serve to help understand what knowledge might be conveyed by a particular type of awareness or how that knowledge might be conveyed. Workspace awareness is of particular interest to the CSCW community, due to the transition of workspaces from physical to virtual environments.

While the type of awareness above refers to knowledge a person might need in a particular situation, context awareness and location awareness refer to information a computer system might need in a particular situation. These concepts of large importance especially for AAA (authentication, authorization, accounting) applications.

The term of location awareness still is gaining momentum with the growth of ubiquitous computing. First defined with networked work positions (network location awareness), it has been extended to mobile phones and other mobile communicable entities. The term covers a common interest in whereabouts of remote entities, especially individuals and their cohesion in operation. The term of context awareness is a superset including the concept of location awareness. It extends the awareness to context features of an operational target as well as to context of an operational area.

Covert awareness is the knowledge of something without knowing it. Some patients with specific brain damage are for example unable to tell if a pencil is horizontal or vertical.[citation needed] They are however able to grab the pencil, using the correct orientation of the hand and wrist. This condition implies that some of the knowledge the mind possesses is delivered through alternate channels than conscious intent.[original research?]

Awareness forms a basic concept of the theory and practice of Gestalt therapy.

In general, "awareness" may also refer to public or common knowledge or understanding about a social, scientific, or political issue, and hence many movements try to foster "awareness" of a given subject, that is, "raising awareness". Examples include AIDS awareness and Multicultural awareness.

Awareness may refer to anesthesia awareness.

Continued here:
Awareness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The Joe Niece Team....The Results of Experience Excelsior Minnesota Short Sale Information and Advice. Let us help you now, Call us at 612-305-8487.

E-mail Joe Niece about your situation Calculate your chance of a successful short sale

We can negotiate for your lender to pay your closing costs and Realtor fee's. The agent you choose to help you with your Excelsior Short Sale will determine your success rate. Most agents do not specialize in Excelsior Short Sales. The average agent has less than a 30% chance of completing a successful short sale with you. You have almost a 300% better chance if you use our specialized short sale team.

A Excelsior Minnesota short sale is when a bank or mortgage lender agrees to discount a loan balance due to an economic or financial hardship on the part of the mortgagor located in Minnesota. This Short Sale negotiation is all done through communication with a bank's Loss Mitigation Department. The home owner/debtor sells the Minnesota mortgaged property for less than the outstanding balance of the loan, and turns over the proceeds of the sale to the lender in full satisfaction of the debt. In such instances, the lender would have the right to approve or disapprove of a proposed sale.

Extenuating circumstances influence whether or not banks will discount a loan balance. These circumstances are usually related to the current real estate market climate and the individual borrower's financial situation.

2013 SHORT SALE UPDATE !!!!!! 1. Foreclosure inventory down by up to 75%

2. Short Sale inventory down by up to 50%

3. Interest rates up 25-35%

4. Fed indicates that they will soon stop buying bonds. In Nov of 2008 the Fed started buying bonds and interest rates dropped dramatically almost overnight.

5. The impact this will have on the real estate market will be catastrophic. Rates should shoot up to almost 6% and most likely will not level off until they hit 7.0-7.5%.

6. Homes will see a decrease in value ranging from 10-30% depending on a homes specific area

7. My advice is to sell your home now if you plan to sell in the next 2-5 years

8. If you are buying with a loan, make sure and purchase your next home within the next 6-18 months so you can lock in a much lower interest rate over the next 15-30 years

9. If you are planning on doing a short sale, start as soon as possible so that you are stuck in a market where the values are falling dramatically each month

2012 UPDATE !!!!!! March 9th 2012 HAFA Extended to December 31st 2013 Key Points of the new update: 1. No Longer any Occupancy Requirements-You don't have to be living in the home 2. $3,000 Relocation with HAFA now both Owner Occupied and Tenant Occupied at the time of sale. 3. Seller may make full payments to servicers even if the amount is over 31%, keep current and Qualify for HAFA 4. 2nd Lien Holders can get up to 8,500 5. Credit Reporting will now be one of the following: a. Account Status Code 13-Paid or closed account, zero balance b. Account paid in full, a foreclosure was started.

In 2012 I have changed my belief as to what determines if a homeowner will be successful with their short sale. 1. Who you pick to help you with your short sale. 2. Who your lender is. 3. What your hardship is.

I know that seem crazy but almost all of the horror stories I hear were caused by the agents or negotiators not understanding the process or not being experienced enough.

Traditional Short Sale

A short sale occurs when your property is sold at a price lower than the amount you owe on the mortgage, and your lender agrees to the "short" payoff. A short sale becomes an option if you are behind on your mortgage payments, you want or need to leave the property and do not have the funds to pay the difference between the net proceeds from the sale of your home and the mortgage. For delinquent homeowners and lenders, short sales provide a way to avoid many of the costly impacts of foreclosure.

A short sale may make sense if you:

Do not qualify for any options to keep your home, including HAMP, forbearance and reinstatement. Owe more on your loan than the home is worth. Don't think you can sell your home at a price that would cover your loan amount.

Home Affordable Foreclosure Alternatives (HAFA)

If you can no longer afford your mortgage and are interested in transitioning out of your home to more affordable housing, you may be eligible for a short sale through the federal Home Affordable Foreclosure Alternatives (HAFA) , a component of the federal Making Home Affordable Program. With this option, you will avoid some of the negative effects of foreclosure and may be eligible to receive a payment of $3,000 to help you move to a new home.

A HAFA short sale may make sense if you:

Have a loan that is owned by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae or a participating investor. Do not qualify for, or did not complete a trial period plan through, HAMP. Took out your mortgage on or before January 1, 2009. Are behind on your mortgage payments. Spend more than 31 percent of your pre-tax income on your mortgage payment (including principal, interest, taxes, insurance and homeowner's association dues). Are unable to afford your mortgage payments because of a documentable financial hardship.

You may be eligible for the Home Affordable Foreclosure Alternatives program if:

the property is your current principal residence, OR the property has been vacant or rented out for less than 12 months, and you have not bought another principal residence during that time.

the amount you owe on your first mortgage for your property is equal to or less than:

$729,750 for 1 unit $934,200 for 2 units $1,129,250 for 3 units $1,403,400 for 4 units

you owe more on your home than its worth

your current mortgage was taken out on or before January 1, 2009

you are experiencing a hardship (such as a job loss, divorce or medical emergency) and are unable to afford your current home loan (For loans not owned by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac) All servicers that have signed agreements with the U.S. Department of the Treasury (Treasury) to participate in the Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP) must consider eligible borrowers who do not qualify for HAMP for other foreclosure prevention options including the Home Affordable Foreclosure Alternatives program which includes short sale and deed-in-lieu. However, each servicer has some discretion in determining additional eligibility criteria and certain program rules.

2011 UPDATE !!!!!! I am really getting disgusted with all of the get rich quick scams that I am seeing from people trying to make a quick buck off of homeowners that are in trouble. I have decided to add the following list so that you can decide if a person or company that you are thinking of dealing with is looking out for you best interest.

1. Do they advertise their name prominantly as a Excelsior short sale expert on their main website? Why is this important? Many agents think of Excelsior short sales as an additional source of revenue verus being proud of helping people that are in trouble. They do not want to tie themselves as being a Excelsior short sale expert because it might turn off their normal sale clients. If they are not proud of helping people that are in trouble who need to do a Excelsior short sale, then you should not work with them.

2. Do they give you all of the information you need to determine if you should do a Excelsior short sale, or do they tease you with information, ask you to sign up for emailed information, and withhold the information that you need to research your options? If they do not have the information to give you or if they are not willing to take the time and money to put it on their website, are you sure that they are 100% committed to helping you do a short sale?

3. Do they tell you what banks they have worked with on Excelsior short sales? It might be good to have something in writing that shows they have a history working with short sales in Excelsior. Ninety nine percent of the people you find online had never done a short sale before 2010. Ninety nine percent will have only done a short sale with one or two lenders.

Past Short Sale Experience Here are some of our past short sales that we have had experience with.

As of today, we are actively working about 70-80 short sales. This includes about two dozen Bank of America Short Sales, almost two dozen Wellsfargo Short Sales, and a dozen each of Us Bank Short Sales, Chase Short Sales, Citi Mortgage Short Sales, Credit Union Short Sales and TCF Short Sales. The person you choose will determine almost 100% if you are going to be successful or not with your Excelsior short sale. With the correct short sale agent, you will stay out of foreclosure and, remove or minimize the bank asking you for money or a prom note. If you pick the wrong agent, you very likely will become a Excelsior foreclosure, end up owing much more than you need to pay and possibly have collectors coming after you for six years.

4. Do they have any Excelsior short sale video (see below) that explains the process? Why is this important? It would be nice to hear in person what the person is saying from their own mouth? If not, how do you know if they are telling you one thing to get your business, and doing something else later?

5. Are they willing to point you to information on doing a Excelsior loan modification? If you are looking for all of your options, they should be willing to talk to you about things that will not make them money. Be aware if they are trying to help you and also make a living, or just trying to make money off of your mis-fortune.

6. Do they spend the time to blog about short sales? If they are a Excelsior short sale expert, do they take the time to get information out to others? Joe Niece's Blog Joe Niece's Trulia Blog Joe Niece's HomeGain Blog Joe Niece's Active Rain Blog

7. Do they have a Lawyer available at no cost to consult with about any legal questions that you might have about your Excelsior short Sale? Will he go over your Excelsior Short Sale approval letter with you?

8. Do they have a CPA or Tax expertto explain questions about Excelsior short sale 1099 income. Do they have someone that can talk to you about Insolvency, rental issues and other questions that come up during your short sale?

9. Do they farm out their Excelsior short salesto a third party negotiator, law firm or out of state company. A great Excelsior short sale negotiator is very hard to find, expensive and vital to your short sale success. If your agent is doing it all, they most likely do not have the experience with multiple lenders and all of the different issues that can come up. If they are farming it out, the company they send you to very likely may look at you as a number, versus as a real person that needs help.Don't let a slick sales pitch take you off track. You need to make sure that you are going to be in better shape when you are done than when you started.

10. Will they come out and meet with you and not ask you to sign a contract right away? Make sure they are as willing to help versus make money. If their heart is in the right place, then they most likely will go the extra mile to help you.

11. Have they taken the time to get educated? I continue to educate myself with my Excelsior Certified Distressed Property Expert certification, SFR training and Five Star training. I recently received the e-mail below from Dave Liniger, the Chairman and Co-Founder of REMAX.

Dear Joe,

Congratulations! Because of your Short Sale training and expertise, you have been selected to participate in the CitiMortgage ProActive Short Sale program.

The program is designed to assist families facing foreclosure with a viable alternative, and a more "graceful exit" through a Short Sale. In support of this program, the names of local RE/MAX agents, who have a demonstrated expertise in Short Sales, will be provided to these homeowners. The homeowners may choose to contact those agents.

The primary reason you have been selected to participate in this program is your demonstrated commitment to the Short Sale process. You should have either a CDPE designation, SFR certification or Five Star training, along with a proven high level of experience with Short Sale transactions.

Thank you,

Dave Liniger Chairman and Co-Founder RE/MAX, LLC

12. Are they willing to live chat with you?

End 2011 Update, continue reading below about Excelsior Short Sales

A short sale in Excelsior Minnesotatypically is executed to prevent a home foreclosure. Often a bank will choose to allow Excelsior property to short saleif they believe that it will result in a smaller financial loss than foreclosing. For the home owner, the advantages include avoidance of having a foreclosure on their credit history and the partial control of the monetary deficiency. Additionally, a short sale is typically faster and less expensive in Minnesota than a foreclosure in Minnesota due to the redemption laws. In short, a short sale is nothing more than negotiating with lien holders a payoff for less than what they are owed, or rather a sale of a debt, generally on a piece of real estate, short of the full debt amount.

Minnesota Short Sale Information

Learn More about Short Sales

Excelsior Short Sale versus Excelsior Foreclosure, which is the best option? In almost all cases, a Excelsior Foreclosure is a bad option if you have the choice of doing a Excelsior Short Sale. Why is this? If you think about it, it starts to make more sense.

Let's look at the differences between a Excelsior Short Sale and a Excelsior Foreclosure. A Excelsior Short Sale is when you need to sell but owe more then your home will sell for. The process similar to a normal sale in some ways.

1. You need to sell. (same)

2. Your home is worth less then you can sell it for. (different)

3. You contact a Realtor. If you are looking in Minnesota, you can contact us. Do not use a Realtor that does not have free information and/or Short Sale video on their website about Excelsior Short Sales. The choice you make when picking a Realtor will in most cases determine if you will be successful or not with your short sale. Find someone like us that has helped hundreds of homeowners with their foreclosure or short sale needs versus 99% of the agents that have done less then five short sales. This will increase your chances of being successful from about 30% to about 90%. (similar)

4. You negotiate with the bank if you chose a bad Realtor or we negotiate if you picked us. Most people agree that negotiating for yourself has some very big negatives but you need to do what you are comfortable with. (different)

5. We negotiate for the bank to pay your closing costs and fee's. (different)

6. Your lender pays your Realtor fee's (different)

7. You sign at closing to sell your home. (same)

If you are missing your payments and you do nothing, you will most likely end up as a Foreclosure in Excelsior. The process can take five weeks, it can take nine months, it can take a year depending on your situation. Once your redemption period ends, you must leave your home. Let's talk about the main problems with letting your home become a Excelsior foreclosure versus a Excelsior Short Sale.

1. The bank does not want to force you into foreclosure. It is much better for them to allow you to do a Excelsior short sale versus ending up as a Excelsior Foreclosure. They will work with you if you just follow the instructions that they give you.

2. A Excelsior Foreclosure will double or triple the time it will take for you to fix your credit and get another loan on a home. This might be far down on your list now but why ruin your credit for longer then you have to.

3. If you have private mortgage insurance, the private mortgage insurance company may pay part or all of the money that the bank loses. The problem is that they will come after you once you have become a Excelsior Foreclosure. Having a collection agency going after you for ten or more years may not seem like a great option to most people.

4. If you have more then one loan, the junior lien holders are still owned the money they have lost after you Excelsior Home Forecloses. They can and will come after you and file a deficiency judgment which you will have to pay. If you do a Excelsior short sale instead, we can get the second mortgages to settle.

Minnesota Shortsale Hardship Letter Samples

Let a Excelsior Minnesota short saleExpert help you now, Call Joe Niece at 612-305-8487.

E-mail Joe Niece about your situation

Search every listing of every home for sale in Minnesota. Search Minnesota MLS Listings and Home for Sale

All of the information provided is gathered from numerous sources. If you are in need of help, contact us for a private meeting about your particular situation. Some provisions may not be applicable in all states and may change daily based on new laws and interpretations. This infomation is provided as a public service to help troubled borrowers and lenders minimize the economic and emotional damage that foreclosures have had on society. Legal advice should be obtained from an attorney.

I. Lender's Options Upon Borrower's Loan Default

Q 1. What options does a lender have on a debt secured by real Excelsior property if the borrower does not make the payments on the loan?

Answer:

Depending on the situation, a lender may consider one of the following:

A lender may foreclose on the defaulting borrower's real property which secures the loan. There are two types of "foreclosures" available to a lender: a trustee's (sherriff's) sale and a judicial foreclosure. Technically, a sherriff's (trustee's) sale is not a "foreclosure" but the term has been used for both a trustee's sale as well as a judicial foreclosure.

For certain loans, a lender has no choice and must conduct a sherriff's(trustee's) sale. With a sherriff's(trustee's sale), a lender cannot go after a deficiency judgment. A deficiency occurs when the current market value of the property is less than the loan on the property. See Questions 3 and 4 for more details.

Q 2. What other options may the lender consider instead of foreclosure when the borrower is delinquent?

Answer:

Loan Workout or Short Payoff/Short Sale

Basically, a loan workout is any resolution of a problem loan between the lender and borrower that modifies the original loan agreement. Some of these options include forbearance (e.g. forgiving a portion of the debt or late charges); deferment; renegotiating interest rate, monthly payment amount, principal amount, maturity date; or the enforcement of an acceleration clause in the loan.

The lender may also be able to pursue "guarantors" of the debt who have signed written guarantee agreements (not including the borrowers).

*: With a Excelsior short payoff, the lender accepts less than the remaining mortgage amount as full payment of the loan. The property need not be sold.

*Note: Some lenders do not differentiate between a Excelsior short sale and a Excelsior short payoff.

Q 3. What is a deficiency judgment?

Answer:

A deficiency judgment is a judgment obtained by the lender in court against the borrower for the difference between the unpaid balance of the secured debt and the amount produced by sale or the fair market value of the security, whichever is greater, in a judicial foreclosure. A lender may obtain a deficiency judgment only with a judicial foreclosure. With a sherriff's(trustee's) sale foreclosure, the lender cannot go after a deficiency judgment. See Question 4 for more details.

Q 4. Can a real estate lender obtain a deficiency judgment against a defaulting borrower following foreclosure?

Answer:

It depends. Some states have "anti-deficiency statutes" that protect certain borrowers from deficiency judgments. Under those circumstances, a lender would opt for a sherriff's (trustee's) sale foreclosure which is quicker and less expensive than a judicial foreclosure. A sherriff's (trustee's) sale foreclosure does not involve the courts. Generally, there are five situations in which a deficiency judgment is prohibited.:

1) Purchase Money

2) Seller Carryback.

3) Trustees Sale.

4) 3 Month Time Limit.

5) Fair Value Limitations.

See more here:
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