A successful technology sales program starts with a well-trained sales staff. Not only do IT sales reps need to have an in-depth understanding of the products and services they are offering, they also need to possess well-honed sales skills to master the art and science of process selling. TSRIs Technology Sales Training will provide the IT sales training your sales reps need to turn prospects into clients.

TSRI will teach your reps the advanced selling skills they need to close more deals for you. Well show them:

. how to deal with rejection . proven techniques to overcome sales call reluctance . logical ways of breaking down the sales effort into implementable steps . how to create business value . ways to network for leads . secrets of negotiating with management

Each TSRI Professional Development and Technology Sales Training package is designed to transform every one of your sales reps into a personal selling machine. This requires a combination of technical, interpersonal and time management skills. Our goal is to provide real-life skills that can be applied to actual sales situations that your sales professionals face every day. Your sales reps will speed up the selling cycle as they employ TSRI tactics that will improve their communication techniques, help them find qualified buyers (and not just qualified prospects) and then position a Technology Sales Solution that addresses their pain points.

Any of the following ITSales Training packages can be custom-designed for the unique needs of your company:

Intro to Process Selling The workshop takes participants through the essential elements of prospecting, qualifying, presenting and closing, providing tips and suggestions to expedite the process and overcome client objections that can often interfere with completing deals (Half or Full Day Workshop) Read More

Selling Professional Services Designed for sales teams accustomed to exclusively selling hardware, this workshop provides the techniques to present, bid and close deals for professional consulting services (Half or Full Day Workshop) Read More

Telephone Skills for Selling IT Solutions In just one day, our Telephone Skills workshop teaches your inside sales staff how to effectively use the telephone to secure new opportunities with prospective customers (Half or Full Day Workshop) Read More

TSRI Sales Academy Designed for multiple, full-day programs, TSRIs Academy takes participants through all facets of the IT sales process. The sessions blend practical skills and activities to reinforce Technology Sales Training as well as personal strategy sessions to help each salesperson achieve new and more challenging goals. (Two or Three Day Workshop) Read More

Managing the Enterprise Network Solutions Sales Process Designed to enhance IT sales opportunities for network solutions to targeted mid market segment. The session will review: Critical elements in the sales process that can make the difference between closing the deal and being the runner-up Read More

IT Sales Training For Todays Economy

In a very competitive business environment, attracting and retaining clients requires an efficient proactive sales process. TSRI helps clientscultivate long-term new customer relationships to build a predictable revenue pipeline for incremental growth. Our process enables salespeople to more accurately predict the outcome and time frame to close a deal, referencing both anecdotal and quantitative milestones in the sales cycle. Read More

Learn more about TSRI Sales Training. Click Here to Download our PDF.

Read more:
Technology Sales Training | IT Sales Training | TSRI

Wednesday, April13

Keep abstaining ... from blood.Acts 15:29.

Any one of us could suddenly find ourselves facing the blood issue. Or a family member or dear friend could unexpectedly be confronted with the issue of whether to accept a blood transfusion or not. During such a crisis, decisions also need to be made regarding blood fractions and medical procedures. Therefore, it is very important to do research and prepare for a possible emergency. Along with prayer, such measures will help us to take a firm stand and avoid compromising on the matter. Surely we do not want to sadden Jehovahs heart by accepting something that his Word condemns! Many medical professionals and other advocates of blood transfusion appeal to people to donate blood in hopes of saving lives. However, Jehovahs holy people acknowledge that the Creator has the right to say how blood is to be treated. To him, any sort of blood is sacred. (Lev. 17:10) We must be determined to obey his law on blood. w14 11/15 2:10, 15

God made you alive.Eph. 2:1.

What a contrast there is between young servants of Jehovah and youths of this world! Many who do not serve Jehovah lead a self-centered way of life, focusing only on what they want. Some researchers call them Generation Me. By the way they talk and dress, they give evidence of disdain for the older generation, whom they view as not with it. That spirit is all around us. Thus, young servants of Jehovah find that it takes real effort to avoid it and to accept Gods view. Even in the first century, Paul found it necessary to urge fellow believers to avoid the spirit that is now at work in the sons of disobedience and in which they at one time walked. (Eph. 2:2,3) Young ones who see the need to avoid that spirit and to work unitedly with all their brothers are to be commended. (Eph. 4:25) As we approach the end of this old world, working together unitedly will become ever more important. w14 12/15 3:3, 4

Those who [marry] will have tribulation in their flesh.1Cor. 7:28.

It is not unusual for married couples to experience some tribulation in their flesh. Why? Simply dealing with everyday troubles can strain marital ties. Hurt feelings, misunderstandings, and miscommunications caused by the imperfect tongue can be a challenge in the best of marriages. (Jas. 3:2, 5,8) Many couples also have difficulty in coping with demanding employment while caring for children. Stress and exhaustion make it difficult for some couples to take the time they need in order to strengthen their marriage. Their love and respect for each other may be eroded by financial difficulties, health problems, or other hardships. Furthermore, the foundation of what seemed to be a strong marriage can be undermined by the works of the flesh, such as sexual immorality, brazen conduct, hostility, strife, jealousy, fits of anger, and dissensions.Gal. 5:19-21. w15 1/15 3:2

See the rest here:
JW.ORG - Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY

~ Team photo November 2013 ~

The W3C Team includes 71 people working from locations across the globe. W3C is hosted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory [MIT/CSAIL] in the United States, at the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics [ERCIM] in Sophia-Antipolis in France, at the Keio University Shonan Fujisawa Campus in Japan and at the Beihang University in China. With a truly international flavor, the Team includes engineers from more than 10 different countries. Read the Team planet, the aggregation of some of the staff's blogs.

Would you like to work for W3C? See the latest Job Postings -- join the W3C Team at MIT, ERCIM, Keio or Beihang!

Shadi Abou-Zahra works with the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) as Activity Lead of the WAI International Program Office, which includes groups that are responsible for education and outreach, coordination with research, general discussion on web accessibility, coordination with the WAI Technical Activity, and WAI liaisons with other organizations including standards organizations and disability groups. Shadi coordinates WAI outreach in Europe, accessibility evaluation techniques, and international standards promotion and harmonization activities. He chairs the W3C/WAI Evaluation and Repair Tools Working Group (ERT WG), is the staff contact of the W3C/WAI Research and Development Working Group (RDWG), and participates in the W3C/WAI Education and Outreach Working Group (EOWG). See W3C page for Shadi Abou-Zahra.

Phil Archer is the Data Activity Lead working to make ever more effective use of the Web as a platform for data.

He originally joined the team to work on the Mobile Web Initiative in February 2009, specifically to work on developing and delivering training in this area. Before joining the team he'd been a participant in the Mobile Web Best Practices working group (joining at its inception in June 2005) and was an editor of, or acknowledged contributor to, 6 of its documents.

Separately, Phil also had a long involvement with the Semantic Web activity, notably as chair of the POWDER working group. As part of this role he co-edited most of the documents and created one of the two reference implementations. It was this work that lead Phil to focus on the area of linked data and, via work on eGovernment and open data, eventually to take up his current role in the Data Activity.

Phil Archer maintains an active online presence through his personal Web site.

Maria Auday is assistant to Dr. Jeffrey Jaffe, CEO. She is part of the administrative team and organizes some of the annual W3C meetings that are lead by Jeff.

Tim is now the overall Director of the W3C. He is the 3COM Founders Professor of Engineering in the School of Engineering, and at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT's CSAIL.

Tim founded and is on the board of the World Wide Web Foundation, whose mission is consistent with W3C's only broader. The Web Foundation will put the power of the Web into the hands of people around the world through effective, high-impact programs.

Tim invented the World Wide Web in 1989 while working at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. He wrote the first WWW client (a browser-editor running under NeXTStep) and the first WWW server along with most of the communications software, defining URLs, HTTP and HTML. Prior to his work at CERN, Tim was a founding director of Image Computer Systems, a consultant in hardware and software system design, real-time communications graphics and text processing, and a principal engineer with Plessey Telecommunications in Poole, England. He is a graduate of Oxford University. More...

Alan Bird is the Global Business Development Lead for W3C. In this role, Mr. Bird leads W3C staff efforts internationally to strengthen the W3C Membership program, identify business development strategies, and seek new revenue streams to support the organization. Alan joined W3C in January 2011.

Before joining W3C, Alan was a key executive in two small information security companies where he drove strategic business development. Prior to these appointments, he spent several years each with IBM, Compuware, Legent, and Cullinet in a wide variety of roles, many of which involved creating new business opportunities. Earlier in his career, he worked in the IT organization of Burlington Industries, AVX Ceramics, Family Dollar Stores, and Ingersoll-Rand. This combination of work experiences has provided Alan with a solid foundation from which to drive W3Cs business development activities.

Bert Bos completed his Ph.D. in Groningen, The Netherlands, on a prototyping language for graphical user interfaces. He then went on to develop a browser targeted at humanities scholars, before joining the W3C at INRIA/Sophia-Antipolis in October 1995. He is co-inventor of CSS and created & led W3C's Internationalization activity. After working on HTML and XML, he is now leading the CSS and Mathematics activities.

Carine joined the Sophia Antipolis W3C team in December 2001 as XML engineer, in the Jigsaw activity. She holds an engineer degree and a PhD in Computer Science. Her research area was distributed artificial intelligence and multi-agent systems. Since 2002, she has been working in the Web Services Activity and the XML Activity as staff contact, in some EU-funded projects, and in the Systems Team.

Judy Brewer joined W3C in September 1997 as Director of the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) International Program Office. She is Domain Leader for WAI, and coordinates five areas of work with respect to Web accessibility: ensuring that W3C technologies support accessibility; developing guidelines for Web content, browsers, and authoring tools; improving tools for evaluation and repair of Web sites; conducting education and outreach; and coordinating with research and development that can affect future Web accessibility.

Judy is W3C's chief liaison on accessibility policy and standardization internationally, promoting awareness and implementation of Web accessibility, and ensuring effective dialog among industry, the disability community, accessibility researchers, and government on the development of consensus-based accessibility solutions.

Prior to joining W3C, Judy was Project Director for the Massachusetts Assistive Technology Partnership, a U.S. federally-funded project promoting access to assistive technology for people with disabilities. She worked on several national initiatives to increase access to mainstream technology for people with disabilities and to improve dialog between industry and the disability community. Judy has a background in applied linguistics, education, technical writing, management and disability advocacy.

Laurent joined the W3C team in September 2000 to participate in the development of Amaya. He is now part of the Sytems Team. Before joining the W3C, he worked as an engineer at INRIA Grenoble.

Laurent hold an engineering degree in computer science from the CNAM Grenoble (Conservatoire National des Arts et Mtiers) in 1997.

e-mailjerome@w3.org

Jrme joined the W3C Team in June 2006. Prior to that, Jrme worked as a researcher and research director at INRIA, France, in the areas of automatic VLSI design, software engineering, and knowledge-based systems. Jrme was the main inventor and developer of the programming language Le-Lisp. Jrme co-founded ILOG in 1987, taking on the roles of Chief Scientific Officer and Director. Up till 2000, he was a member of the French Co-ordination Committee for Science and Information Technology and Communication of the National Ministry for Education, Research and Technology. Starting in 1995, he was Chief Information Officer of the genomics company GENSET.

On May 2005, ERCIM's Board of Directors has nominated Jrme as Manager of ERCIM.

Yingying joined W3C at Beihang in August 2015. Her main focuses are Automotive and Web of Things in Ubiquitous Web Domain. Prior to joining W3C, Yingying worked for ten years for Nokia on development of Smart Devices. Before that she worked for several years for Motorola on development of Mobile Applications . Yingying received her B.S. and M.S. on Telecommunication and Information System from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications.

Franois takes part in on-going discussions and developments around the convergence between Web and TV, with a specific focus on multi-screen scenarios. He contributes to related EU-funded projects MediaScape and Global ITV.

Franois initially joined W3C in November 2007 from Microsoft where he integrated an on-portal mobile search engine called MotionBridge. From 2007 to 2011, he served as staff contact for the Mobile Web Best Practices Working Group, the Web and TV Interest Group, the Web Real-Time Communications Working Group and was co-Activity Lead for the Web and TV Activity. He left W3C at the end of 2011 to develop cross-platform Web applications in a French start-up called Joshfire. Franois came back home on May 2014.

Franois holds an engineering degree from the Ecole Centrale Paris.

Daniel Dardailler joined the W3C team in July 1996 and after leading various technical projects, like the WAI (Web Accessibility Initiative) or the W3C QA activity, and serving as Europe operational manager for several years, he is now W3C Associate Chair for Europe and W3C Director of International Relations.

Prior to working for W3C, Daniel was already working for standard as a Software Architect for the X Window System Consortium, responsible for pieces of the Motif toolkit and the Common Unix Desktop.

Daniel holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Nice/Sophia-Antipolis (89) in the area of digital typography and X protocol network.

Marie-Claire Forgue now serves as Head of W3C Training and is a passionate advocate for the Web Developer community. She recently developed and launched the W3DevCampus portal where Web developers worldwide can sign up for W3C online training courses related to mobile Web and HTML5 technologies. Additionally, Marie-Claire continues to participate in the dissemination activities of European projects, such as HTML5 Apps and MediaScape. She joined W3C in 2001 and served as Head of W3C European Communications for over 10 years.

Marie-Claire received a Ph.D. degree (computer graphics and parallel processing) in Computer Science from the University of Nice and INRIA, France. After a year as a postdoctoral fellow at the Dynamic Graphics Project Lab at the University of Toronto, Canada, she worked in NTT's Human Interface Lab, Japan, for two years. Her research interests were focused on illumination algorithms and scene modeling. After that, she studied filmmaking in Vancouver, Canada. She has directed several short films and documentaries, and got interested in interactive multimedia back in 1993.

Bernard Gidon joined W3C in 2011 to lead business development in Europe, Middle-East and Africa (EMEA). He is based in Sophia Antipolis, France. In the last 20 years, he has developed organizations and activities for hardware, software and telecom companies (Apricot,Softway, Retix, Vertel, AdvenNet, Plantronics) with channel and direct accounts activities. Bernard's background in business development and sales activities, brings to W3C growth capabilities in EMEA.

Ted joined the W3C in January of 2000. He comes to the Consortium from the corporate IT community having worked for a mortgage and investment company, a power utility, an internet service provider, and a marketing and communications company. He earned a bachelors in Russian from Hobart College. He also spent some time as an English as a Second Language and Mathematics instructor.

Harry Halpin is a W3C Fellow funded by Eduserv, working as staff contact for the RDB2RDF Working Group and co-chairing the Social Web Incubator Group. Previously he was Chair of the GRDDL Working Group that focused on combining microformats and XML with the Semantic Web. Guiding his work at the W3C is his commitment to keeping the Web an universal space of information for the development of collective intelligence. He enjoys working with diverse communities to make their data accessible on the Web.

He received his Ph.D. in Informatics from the University of Edinburgh under Henry Thompson and Andy Clark, with a thesis on theories of reference on the Web combining information retrieval and knowledge representation. Previously, he worked on the intersection of philosophy and literature with computing at Duke University and held a DAAD scholarship to Freie Universitt Berlin. He enjoys studying Web phenomena empirically, such as the development of consensus in collaborative tagging.

Shawn joined W3C in February 2003 to lead worldwide education and outreach activities promoting web accessibility for people with disabilities through the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI). [Shawn Lawton Henry at W3C WAI] Prior to joining W3C, Shawn worked as a consultant with research centers, education providers, government agencies, non-profit organizations, Fortune 500 companies, and international standards organizations to develop and implement strategies to optimize design for usability and accessibility. She holds a BSc in English with focus on computer science and technical writing, and an MSc in Digital Inclusion. [About Shawn]

Ivan graduated as mathematician at the Etvs Lornd University of Budapest, Hungary, in 1979. After a brief scholarship at the Universit Paris VI he joined the Hungarian research institute in computer science (SZTAKI) where he worked for 6 years. He left Hungary in 1986 and, after a few years in industry, he joined the Centre for Mathematics and Computer Sciences (CWI) in Amsterdam where he has held a tenure position since 1988. He received a PhD degree in Computer Science in 1990 at the Leiden University, in the Netherlands. Ivan joined the W3C team as Head of Offices in January 2001 while maintaining his position at CWI. He served as Head of Offices until June 2006, then as Semantic Web Activity Lead until December 2013. Since June of 2013 he is Digital Publishing Activity Lead.

Before joining W3C Ivan worked in quite different areas (distributed and dataflow programming, language design, system programming), but he spend most of his research years in computer graphics and visualization. He also participated in various graphics related ISO standardization activities and software developments. Between autumn 2007 and 2014 he was also member of SWSA (Semantic Web Science Association), the committee responsible for the International Semantic Web Conferences series. He was the co-chair of the 9th World Wide Web Conference, in Amsterdam, May 2000. He is member of IW3C2, the committee responsible for the World Wide Web Conference series.

His professional home page contains a list of his publications and details of the various R&D projects he participated in before W3C. You can also look at his W3C or personal home pages.

Dr. Philipp Hoschka is a Deputy Director of the W3C. His current work focuses on the Web of Things, which is about leveraging open Web technology to overcome current silos in the "Internet of Things". In 2012, he launched W3C efforts on automotive, focusing on the use of HTML5 for in-car infotainment apps. Philipp also founded and leads W3C's Ubiquitous Web Domain which has the mission to bring the benefits of Web technology to the emerging "Post-PC" world, including mobile and television devices. In the past, Philipp created W3C's Mobile Web Initiative and pioneered work on integrating audio and video into the Web leading to the W3C Standard SMIL. Philipp has been principal investigator in six EC research projects supporting the Ubiquitous Web Vision (MWeb, 3GWeb, MobiWeb2.0, OMWeb, MobiWebApp, HTML5Apps). Philipp holds a Ph.D. degree in Computer Science, and a Master's Degree in Computer Science from the University of Karlsruhe, Germany.He was visiting scholar at MIT LCS from 1998 until 2002.

e-mailhucm@w3.org

Chunming Hu had worked for the ex W3C China office since 2006 and then he joint W3C team in Jan 2013 as the Deputy Director of W3C/Beihang. He has a PhD degree on computer science and currently works as an associate professor at Beihang University. Now he is the Vice Dean of School of Computer Science, Beihang University and his main research interests includes distributed systems, software middleware, system virtualization and resource scheduling in cloud systems.

e-mailishida@w3.org

Richard joined the W3C team in July 2002 to expand the work of the Internationalization Activity. He is attached to ERCIM in France, but based in the UK.

He is Internationalization Activity Lead and staff contact of the Internationalization Core Working Group. He also coordinated the MultilingualWeb initiative, and serves on the Unicode Editorial Committee, and the Unicode Conference board.

Richard has a background in translation and interpreting, computational linguistics, software engineering, and translation tools. Prior to joining the W3C, he was an internationalization consultant, evangelizing and educating people with regard to the international design and localizability of user interfaces and documents.

As of 1 Feb 2015, Ian is the lead of W3C's Web Payments Activity.

From September 2004 through January 2015, Ian became Head of W3C Communications. He managed the Consortium's Comm activities, including press, publications, branding, marketing, and some Member relations.

Ian began at W3C in 1997 and for 7 years co-edited a number of specifications, including HTML 4.0, CSS2, DOM Level 1, three WAI Guidelines (Web Content, User Agent, Authoring Tool), the TAG's Architecture of the World Wide Web, and the W3C Process Document.

Ian Jacobs studied computer science in France after college (Yale), and worked at INRIA for five years.

Dr. Jeffrey Jaffe became the W3C CEO on 8 March 2010.

Before joining W3C, Jeff served as the Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer for Novell. He was responsible for Novell's technology direction, as well as leading Novell's product business units.

Prior to that Jeff served as president of Bell Labs Research and Advanced Technologies, where he established new facilities in Ireland and India, and served as chairman of the board of the New Jersey Nanotechnology Consortium.

Early in his career, after receiving a Ph.D. in computer science from MIT in 1979, Jeff joined IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center. During his tenure at IBM, he held a wide variety of technical and management positions, including vice president, Systems and Software Research, corporate vice president of technology, and general manager of IBM's SecureWay business unit, where he was responsible for IBM's security, directory, and networking software business.

Xueyuan Jia formally joined W3C administration and communication team in May 2015. Before joining W3C, Xueyuan worked in Beihang University as a research assistant and be voluntarily helping with administrative and financial work of W3C/Beihang host since April 2013.

Alexandra joined the team in September 2002 as a replacement for Caroline Baron and dealt with accountancy.

She joined the Administrative Team in September 2003 and is the primary meeting planner for European meetings.

Vivien joined W3C in May 2003 as the W3C Webmaster at the MIT/CSAIL host site in Cambridge, MA USA.

Since September 2004 Vivien is working as a Systems & Network Engineer for W3C Europe at the ERCIM host site in Sophia-Antipolis, France.

Vivien graduated in September 2003 from the Ecole Suprieure en Sciences Informatiques in Sophia-Antipolis, France. He holds an engineering degree in Computer Science, specializing in Networks. In June 2000, he received a two year degree in Computer Programming at the University of Lyon, France.

Yves Lafon studied Mathematics and computer science at ENSEEIHT in Toulouse, France, and at Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal in Montreal, Canada. His field of study was signal recognition and processing. He discovered Internet Relay Chat and the Web in Montreal in 1993 and has been making robots and games for both. He joined the W3C in October 1995 to work on W3C's experimental browser, Arena. Then he worked on Jigsaw, W3C's Java-based server, on HTTP/1.1 and started the work on SOAP 1.2.

Yves is now the TAG Team Contact, WebApps Team Contact, HTTPbis editor and Web Services Activity leader.

Philippe Le Hegaret heads the W3C Interaction Domain, which produces frontend Web technologies including HTML5, CSS3, SVG, WOFF, or Web APIs. Until July 2008, Philippe lead the W3C Architecture Domain, which produced the W3C Core technologies in the area of XML, Web Services, and Internationalization. He is a former Chair of the Document Object Model (DOM) Working Group.

Prior to joining W3C, Philippe promoted the use of XML inside Bull in 1998, also focusing on the interaction between XML and object structures. He wrote the first version of the CSS validator in 1997.

Philippe holds a Master's Degree in Computer Science from the University of Nice (France).

Angel Li joint W3C China Office as the business manager in the year of 2006. Since 2010, she had been devoted to setting up the fourth host of W3C in China together with W3C team and Beihang University. In January 2013, as the Host of W3C in China was officially launched in Beihang University, Angel Li was assigned as the Site Manager of W3C/Beihang site. Now she is responsible for managing the W3C/Beihang site and W3C China activities including Member recruiting and other W3C related work. She is currently based in Beijing, China.

Coralie joined the team in January 1999, as W3C Europe administrative assistant, with a degree in secretarial work and English as a foreign language.

She became W3C Europe administration manager until five years later she joined the W3C Communications Team. Her duties include Advisory Board scribe duties and meetings planning, W3C press clippings, management of Supporters Program applications, monitoring translators' list, being contact person for authorized translations. She is also involved in community development and outreach (microblogging, W3C blog). She was Incubator Activity Lead and is now involved in managing W3C Community and Business Groups.

In February 2015, she took on the role of Head of W3C Marketing and Communications to develop messaging, Public, Member and internal communications.; manage the Consortium's Comm activities, including press, publications, branding, marketing, and some Member relations.

e-mailjun@w3.org

Dean / Professor, Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University

In 1979, he enrolled in the Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, of Keio University and obtained degrees of MS and Ph.D in Computer Science, specializing in Computer Science, Computer Network and Computer Communication, in 1981 and 1987 respectively, both from Keio University.

In 1984, he developed the Japan University UNIX Network (JUNET). In 1988, he established WIDE Project, of which he currently has the title of the Founder. In the 1990's, he focused on the research and development of computer networks, and worked as a member of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) (1993-1995), and a member of the board of trustees of the Internet Society (ISOC) (1997-2000), as well as a member of the board of directors of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) (1998-2000). In the 2000's, he turned his attention also to IT governance for national government, including Prime Ministers and global IT policy communities.

He is the recipient of many distinguished awards, including IEEE Internet Award (2011); the Okawa Publications Prize (1999); Funai Achievement Award (2007); Jonathan B. Postel Service Award (2005); the Okawa Publications Prize (1999). He was inducted in the Internet Hall of Fame in 2013.

e-mailkaren@w3.org

Karen Myers develops Membership outreach and manages media and analyst relations at W3C. She originally joined W3C July 2004 to support media relations, member communications, speaking engagements, and special assignments such as W3C10, the World Wide Web's ten year anniversary celebration. Prior to W3C, Karen ran her own company and also worked for marketing and communications agencies such as BrandEquity International and Leo Burnett Technology Group, where she established a ten-person strategic planning group in Boston, and managed a global client services team in Frankfurt, Germany. She has consulted for a diversity of technology clients including Akamai, Allaire, Aprisma, Axis, CMGI, Digital, Comdial,Computer Associates, Heidelberg, IBM, Information Builders, KPMG, and Unisys.

Hirotaka joined W3C in April of 2010 after graduating from Keio University, Faculty of Environment and Information Studies. Before joining W3C, Hirotaka worked at a number of startups and had a lots of experiences from them. Hirotaka holds a master's degree in computer Science from Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University.

Osamu Nakamura received a Masters degree and Ph.D from Keio University's Department of Mathematics. The research topics for his Masters and Ph.D dissertations were related to the operating system and computer networks. From 1990, he worked at the University of Tokyo's Computer Center as an assistant professor. Major projects at the University of Tokyo included designing and constructing the campus network of the university. He moved to Keio University in 1993. He has been working for the Internet in Japan as part of JUNET and the WIDE Project as a board member. He is now a Professor at Keio University at the Faculty of Information Environmental Studies.

Antonio is a member of W3C's systems team since the summer of 2014. He works from Keio University in Japan.

His professional interests include: internet standards, open systems and free software, interfaces and usability, digital imaging, 3D, data visualisation, mobile computing.

Gerald joined W3C in September 1997 as a member of the Systems Team. He helps maintain W3C's system infrastructure including the web and mail servers, mailing lists and publishing tools. He created W3C's HTML Validation Service based on an earlier validation service he began as a student.

Prior to joining W3C, Gerald worked at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada. He has also worked as a Web consultant for various companies in the Edmonton area, and as a technical writer for IBM Canada in Toronto.

In his free time Gerald enjoys travel, photography, and writing software.

Gerald has a Bachelor of Science with specialization in Computing Science from the University of Alberta.

Eric joined W3C again in February 1998 to provide system support and manage tool programming. He currently works on RDF and XML protocols.His primary goal is to see that information be easily and logically accessible.

Prior to joining W3C full-time, Eric worked as a contract programmer for various organizations, including W3C, where he worked on libwww and the client applications, a PEP model library, and several system-related projects.

Eric has a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and is still baffled by the futility of a college education in determining one's fate.

Liam joined the W3C in 2000; he's been working with text-based markup and digital typography since nroff days (1981) and with SGML since 1987. He worked for Yuri Rubinsky at SoftQuad Inc. in Toronto, where he was involved in the development of SoftQuad's HoTMetaL, the first commercial HTML editor for the Web, and also with SoftQuad Panorama, a browser plugin to display SGML; this in turn demonstrated a need to standardise the use of SGML on the Web, and Liam was involved in the development of the XML specification.

Liam has been involved in free software since 1983, including lq-text, a text retrieval package for Unix, the GNOME and GIMP projects, a collection of royalty-free pictures from old books, and uses and contributes to Mandriva Linux, and many other open source and free projects.

At the W3C today, Liam is XML Activity Lead and W3C technical participant for the XML Query and XSL (XSL-FO) Working Groups, and alternate contact for several other Working Groups.

Liam's personal home page

Dave is the W3C Staff contact for the System Applications Working Group. He has been closely involved with the development of Web standards since 1992, contributing to work on HTML, HTTP, MathML, XForms, voice and multimodal interaction, ubiquitous web applications, financial data, privacy and identity. Dave is currently involved in two European FP7 research projects: HTML5Apps and COMPOSE, and before that webinos, Serenoa, and PrimeLife. He has a special interest in the Web of Things. In addition to work on standards, Dave is a keen programmer, and has developed experimental web browsers (e.g. Arena), a plugin for rendering math from natural language (EzMath), a tool for cleaning up HTML (Tidy), a web page library for HTML slide presentations (Slidy), a Firefox add-on for enhanced privacy (Privacy Dashboard), and most recently, work on customizable browser-based editing of HTML. He was educated in England and obtained his doctorate from the University of Oxford, and is a visiting professor at the University of the West of England. For more information see Dave's home page.

Doug Schepers became Developer Relations Lead in 2012. He also acts as project coordinator (staff contact) for the Audio, WebApps, and Web Events Working Groups, and Rich Web Client Activity Lead. He is also active in the SVG Working Group. He joined the W3C Team in June 2007 as a Compound Document Specialist, and was previously AC Representative for Vectoreal and has been creating Web Applications for many years.

Wendy is a lawyer and technologist who leads W3C's security and privacy work through the Technology & Society Domain. She joined W3C in 2012 after a tour of legal academia and, before that, Electronic Frontier Foundation. She was drawn into open code as a law student, as the first webmaster for Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet & Society, and hasn't been able to escape since. Wendy's legal research focuses on "openness," in the law and technology of online expression, user-innovation, privacy, and anonymity.

Michael[tm] Smith is a W3C Deputy Director whose areas of expertise include pharmaceuticals transportation, cyber, and extremely compartmentalized information.

e-mailsam@w3.org

Osamu "Sam" Sugimoto is the Asia Business Development Leader at W3C Keio University. In 1993 while he was working as a visiting scholar at Stanford University Electrical Engineering Department, he pioneered eCommerce in Japan specializing in selling books and media products into the Japanese retail/wholesale market. Since then he was running various startup companies as a founder/co-founder/board of director until he joined W3C Keio in March 2013. He has given lectures at numerous Japanese government & trade meetings including METI, DA, and MAFF. Project Associate Professor of Keio University Graduate School of Media and Governance. Former Associate Professor of Tohoku University.

Shigeya joined W3C team in November 2015. He is a researcher specializing in Computer Networks, Computer Communications, Real-space Information System including RFID technology and Quantum information system. He is an expert on systems architecture design and software development. He involved in Internet-related systems development and its operations since 1989. He received his Ph.D. from Keio University, Graduate School of Media and Governance, in 2012. He is currently a Project Associate Professor at Graduate school of Media and Governance at Keio University, and also a Board Member of the WIDE Project. He is a member of ACM, IEEE, IEICE and IPSJ. He is currently an editorial committee member of IEICE Journal (EB).

Originally posted here:
People of the W3C - World Wide Web Consortium

SubjectArea: ALL subjects Biological and Biomedical Sciences Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services Education Engineering Engineering Technologies/Technicians English Language and Literature/Letters Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences Foreign languages, literatures, and Linguistics Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences Health-Related Knowledge and Skills History Leadership and Ethics Legal Professions and Studies Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies and Humanities Library Science Mathematics and Statistics Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies Natural Resources and Conservation Parks, Recreation, Leisure, and Fitness Studies Physical Sciences Psychology Public Administration and Social Service Professions Science Technologies/Technicians Security and Protective Services Social Sciences Technology Education/Industrial Arts Transportation and Materials Moving

Institution: ALL institutions Albany State University Armstrong State University Augusta University Clayton State University Columbus State University Dalton State College Darton State College East Georgia State College Fort Valley State University Georgia College & State University Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Southern University Georgia Southwestern State University Georgia State University Kennesaw State University Middle Georgia State University Savannah State University University of Georgia University of North Georgia University of West Georgia Valdosta State University

Degree Level: Any Associate's Bachelor's Master's Doctorate Specialist Certificate Endorsement/Add-on

Servicemembers Opportunity: SOC SOCAD SOCMAR SOCNAV SOCCOAST SOCGuard ConAP N/A

Read more here:
Georgia ONmyLINE

Georgia was hard-hit by the recession. However, the Peach State's recovery has recently started to pick up steam. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce's Bureau of Economic Analysis, while the state's economy overall grew at a rate of 1.8 percent in 2013, and growth during the fourth quarter of 2013 was an impressive 3.9 percent.

Here are a handful of highlight careers in the state of Georgia according to total in-state employment and 2013 median annual income as reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics:

Here's a roundup of the top programs and degrees in state

These degrees' popularity may stem in part from the fact that the skills and knowledge gained are highly transferable. Online schools in GA offering these majors may help students prepare for careers in many different occupations.

Perhaps the fact that the popular TV series The Walking Dead is filmed in Georgia plays a part, but data indicates more than 4,000 students graduated with degrees in the visual and performing arts during 2012-2013.

The state has almost 70 public colleges, universities, and technical colleges. Public education is governed by the University System of Georgia (USG), which is overseen by the Georgia Board of Regents. The USG has over 318,000 students enrolled, making it the fourth-largest university system in the U.S.

In addition to the public system, Georgia is also home to over 45 private post-secondary institutions, including technical and vocational schools. Georgia's roster of institutions of higher education includes several historically black schools.

By far the most populous city in Georgia is its capital, Atlanta. The other cities in Georgia's top five by population are Columbus, Augusta, Macon and Savannah. Students living in or near these cities may have many choices of post-secondary institutions. However, with many colleges and online schools in Georgia offering online programs, living in more rural areas may be less of a barrier to the pursuit of an education than it has been in the past.

In 2013-2014, tuition and fees costs in Georgia averaged the following by institution type:

Keep in mind prices may vary by individual institutions. Comparatively, Georgia may have a lower cost of living than more urban areas of the country like California or the northeast. This makes the Peach State an attractive option for those interested in pursuing higher education.

The state lottery also funds the HOPE Scholarship, and all Georgia residents who have graduated from high school or earned a General Educational Development certificate are eligible for this award. Eligibility requirements also include maintaining a 3.2 or higher grade point average and attending a public college or university in the state. The Georgia Student Finance Commission is another resource for identifying financial aid for which students might be eligible.Of course, eligible students should also file the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).

Georgia is a member of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and its affiliate organization, the Southern Association of Community, Junior and Technical Colleges. Students should factor an institution's accreditation status during their college or university selection process. This is because schools operating without accreditation may not provide students with the skills necessary to obtain a job in today's competitive market. Post-secondary education can be an expensive undertaking, so like any other investment, students should do the research necessary to ensure they are getting the most bang for their proverbial (and literal) buck.

Sources

"May 2013 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates Georgia," Occupational Employment Statistics, October 31, 2014, http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ga.htm

"Tuition and Fees by Sector and State over Time," Collegeboard, October 31, 2014, http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/tuition-and-fees-sector-and-state-over-time

"Widespread But Slower Growth in 2013," U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis, October 31, 2014, http://bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_state/gsp_newsrelease.htm

"Quarterly Gross Domestic Product by State, 2005-2013 (Prototype Statistics)," U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis, October 31, 2014, http://bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_state/qgsp_newsrelease.htm

"Georgia's HOPE program," Georgia Student Finance Commission, October 31, 2014, http://www.gsfc.org/gsfcnew/index.cfm

"Southern Association of Colleges and Schools," Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, October 31, 2014, http://www.sacs.org/

See the original post here:
Online Schools in Georgia - Online-Education.net

Yes! 1&1 isn't just in the business of offering free websites and affordable hosting. We offer several different options for attracting new customers to your site.

Get traffic from Google with search engine optimization (SEO) Along with our website builder, 1&1 offers a set of tools. They're easy enough for beginners to use but powerful enough for SEO experts. In addition to optimizing your site when you first build it, you'll get notifications about your search engine ranking. Our SEO tools provide ongoing analysis of your site's text and structure to improve your Google rankings.

Connect your site with popular online marketplaces If you sell products on eBay, Amazon Marketplace, Etsy, or other online storefronts, 1&1's Web apps will connect your customers with your online storefront. Do you sell real estate or manage property? Use 1&1 Web apps that showcase your listings on Zillow and Trulia. If you make your website with our Websitebuilder, you will get basic apps in different tariffs. In our eBusiness Suite all packets include industry apps, which will help you to build your own website.

Attract visitors from social networks Whether you're active on Facebook, Twitter, Google+, Instagram, LinkedIn, or other social networks, our Web apps connect your social media accounts to your business website. If you own a restaurant, register your business with Foursquare so that guests can check in and find each other.

Take advantage of local search 1&1 can register local companies with Google My Business so that you're easy to find on Google Maps, Search, and Google+. You'll be able to display the same address, phone number, hours of operation, and more across all of Google's services.

Original post:
Website Builder | Make your own website easily with 1&1

British Dictionary definitions for aerobics Expand

(functioning as sing) any system of sustained exercises designed to increase the amount of oxygen in the blood and strengthen the heart and lungs

Word Origin and History for aerobics Expand

method of exercise and a fad in early 1980s, American English, coined 1968 by Kenneth H. Cooper, U.S. physician, from aerobic (also see -ics) on the notion of activities which require modest oxygen intake and thus can be maintained.

aerobics in Medicine Expand

aerobics aerobics (-r'bks) n.

A system of physical conditioning to enhance circulatory and respiratory efficiency that involves vigorous, sustained exercise, such as jogging, swimming, or cycling, thereby improving the body's use of oxygen.

A program of physical fitness that involves such exercise.

aerobics in Culture Expand

Exercise designed specifically to improve cardiovascular fitness and, subsequently, the body's use of oxygen. Also called aerobic exercise.

Read the original post:

Aerobics | Define Aerobics at Dictionary.com

FIRST SERIES: Three books under the title of An Objectively Impartial Criticism of the Life of Man, or, Beelzebubs Tales to His Grandson.

SECOND SERIES: Three books under the common title of Meetings with Remarkable Men.

THIRD SERIES: Four books under the common title of Life is Real Only Then, When I Am.

All written according to entirely new principles of logical reasoning and strictly directed towards the solution of the following three cardinal problems:

FIRST SERIES: To destroy, mercilessly, without any compromises whatsoever, in the mentation and feelings of the reader, the beliefs and views, by centuries rooted in him, about everything existing in the world.

SECOND SERIES: To acquaint the reader with the material required for a new creation and to prove the soundness and good quality of it.

THIRD SERIES: To assist the arising, in the mentation and in the feelings of the reader, of a veritable, non-fantastic representation not of that illusory world which he now perceives, but of the world existing in reality.

[Written impromptu by the author on delivering this book, already prepared for publication, to the printer.]

ACCORDING TO the numerous deductions and conclusions made by me during experimental elucidations concerning the productivity of the perception by contemporary people of new impressions from what is heard and read, and also according to the thought of one of the sayings of popular wisdom I have just remembered, handed down to our days from very ancient times, which declares: Any prayer may be heard by the Higher Powers and a corresponding answer obtained only if it is uttered thrice:

Firstlyfor the welfare or the peace of the souls of ones parents. Secondlyfor the welfare of ones neighbor. And only thirdlyfor oneself personally.

I find it necessary on the first page of this book, quite ready for publication, to give the following advice: Read each of my written expositions thrice:

Firstlyat least as you have already become mechanized to read all your contemporary books and newspapers. Secondlyas if you were reading aloud to another person. And only thirdlytry and fathom the gist of my writings.

Only then will you be able to count upon forming your own impartial judgment, proper to yourself alone, on my writings. And only then can my hope be actualized that according to your understanding you will obtain the specific benefit for yourself which I anticipate, and which I wish for you with all my being.

Original post:
ALL AND EVERYTHING - George Gurdjieff

Now: Bernard Shaw, retired from CNN, works on his golf game and writing projects.

(CNN) -- As an original anchor for CNN, Bernard Shaw was a witness to the birth of the 24-hour news network. Today, Shaw is retired from broadcasting and is working on a book and other writing projects.

After signing with CNN on June 1, 1980, Shaw covered some of the biggest stories of the past decades, providing live coverage of the student demonstrations in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, the 1994 earthquake in Los Angeles, the funeral of Princess Diana, President Clinton's impeachment trial and the 2000 U.S. election.

The former U.S. Marine may be best known, however, for making television history as one of the "Boys of Baghdad."

In January 1991, Shaw stayed behind -- with Peter Arnett and the late John Holliman -- after other Western reporters had deserted the city. As bombs rained down on the city outside their hotel window, the three, reporting by phone, coolly brought those images into living rooms across the world during the first attacks of the Persian Gulf War.

"All kinds of ordnance was being dropped, all kinds of bombs, and I made my peace with myself that I could die at any moment," Shaw told CNN recently. "We knew the dangers around us. I always believed that two major forces -- one of them supreme -- saved us that night: God and some extremely well trained and well disciplined American pilots."

But Shaw says the most important story he covered was not the Gulf War, but the 1985 Geneva summit between President Reagan and the Soviet Union's Mikhail Gorbachev.

"When these two leaders met in Geneva, they began the process that led to so many important treaties and the beginning of disarmament (which we don't have now)," he explained. "But these two men meeting as they did at that summit was, in my judgment, the most important story I ever covered; important to the human race, important to all the occupants of this planet."

Throughout his career, Shaw -- a history major in college -- was often an eyewitness to some of the biggest events of the last quarter-century, a position he did not take lightly.

"Whenever I found myself with a box seat on a historic story, the one thing I always strove to do was realize I had a responsibility ... It made me focus even more on the disciplines of journalism -- being fair, being accurate."

"[You also need to have] regard for viewers, listeners and readers," he continued. "If people are depending on you, if you are the only source of accurate information, you have a dreadful responsibility. I say dreadful because it's so awesome."

In 2001, at the age of 60, Bernard Shaw decided to retire from CNN. He now spends time with his wife, Linda, and two children.

"We've been enjoying doing the things we couldn't do when I was chasing around the country and around the world covering news."

The many historic events he witnessed firsthand during his career would fill a book -- and that is exactly what Shaw is now working on. Besides an autobiography, Shaw has said that he wants to write fiction, a book of essays and a journalism primer.

Occasionally, he still makes an appearance on the network. In May 2005, for example, when a small plane flew near the White House and buildings were evacuated, Shaw called in to CNN to give a report. From his home in the Maryland suburbs, he'd seen two F-16 jets circling a single-engine plane and firing warning flares.

Shaw says he misses his colleagues, but he does not miss working.

"I do not miss being on call 24-hours a day, seven days a week," he said. "I never worked as hard in my life as I did at CNN, but I never enjoyed broadcast journalism more. I have no regrets."

CNN.com gives you the latest stories and video from the around the world, with in-depth coverage of U.S. news, politics, entertainment, health, crime, tech and more.

CNN.com gives you the latest stories and video from the around the world, with in-depth coverage of U.S. news, politics, entertainment, health, crime, tech and more.

Read more here:
CNN.com - Then & Now: Bernard Shaw - Jun 1, 2005

Written by John Grim and MaryEvelynTucker There is a communion with God, and a communion with the earth, and a communion with God through the earth. Writings in Time of War, New York, 1968, p. 14

These lines that conclude Pierre Teilhard de Chardin's essay, "The Cosmic Life," provide an appropriate starting point for a consideration of his life. They are of special interest because Teilhard wrote them in 1916 during his initial duty as a stretcher-bearer in World War I. In many ways they are an early indication of his later work. Yet the communion experiences emphasized here take us back to his early childhood in the south of France and ahead to his years of travel and scientific research. Throughout Teilhard's seventy-four years, then, his experience of the divine and his insight into the role of the human in the evolutionary process emerges as his dominant concerns. In briefly presenting the biography of Teilhard three periods will be distinguished: the formative years, the years of travel, and the final years in New York.

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin was born on May 1st, 1881 to Emmanuel and Berthe-Adele Teilhard de Chardin. While both of his parental lineages were distinguished, it is noteworthy that his mother was the great grandniece of Francois-Marie Arouet, more popularly known as Voltaire. He was the fourth of the couple's eleven children and was born at the family estate of Sarcenat near the twin cities of Clermont-Ferrand in the ancient province of Auvergne. The long extinct volcanic peaks of Auvergne and the forested preserves of this southern province left an indelible mark on Teilhard. He remarks in his spiritual autobiography, The Heart of Matter, that:

Drawn to the natural world, Teilhard developed his unusual powers of observation. This youthful skill was especially fostered by his father who maintained an avid interest in natural science. Yet Teilhard's earliest memory of childhood was not of the flora and fauna of Auvergne or the seasonal family houses but a striking realization of life's frailty and the difficulty of finding any abiding reality. He recollects:

It was but a short step for Teilhard to move from his "gods of iron" to those of stone. Auvergne gave forth a surprising variety of stones amethyst, citrine, and chalcedony just to name a few with which to augment his youthful search for a permanent reality. Undoubtedly his sensitive nature was also nurtured by his mother's steadfast piety. Teilhard's reflections on his mother's influence is striking, he writes:

This early piety was well established, so that when he entered Notre Dame de Mongre near Villefranche-sur-Saone, thirty miles north of Lyons, at twelve years of age, his quiet, diligent nature was already well-formed. During his five years at this boarding school Teilhard exchanged his security in stones for a Christian piety largely influenced by Thomas a Kempis's Imitation of Christ. Near the time of his graduation he wrote his parents indicating that he wanted to become a Jesuit.

Teilhard's training as a Jesuit provided him with the thoughtful stimulation to continue his devotion both to scientific investigation of the earth and to cultivation of a life of prayer. He entered the Jesuit novitiate at Aix-Provence in 1899. Here he further developed the ascetic piety that he had learned in his reading at Mongre. It was also at Aix-en-Provence that he began his friendship with Auguste Valensin who had already studied philosophy with Maurice Blondel. In 1901, due to an anti-clerical movement in the French Republic, the Jesuits and other religious orders were expelled from France. The Aix-en-Provence novitiate that had moved in 1900 to Paris was transferred in 1902 to the English island of Jersey. Prior to the move to Jersey, however, on March 26, 1902 Pierre took his first vows in the Society of Jesus. At this time the security of Teilhard's religious life, apart from the political situation in France, was painfully disturbed by the gradual sickness that incapacitated his younger sister, Marguerite-Marie, and by the sudden illness of his oldest brother, Alberic.

Alberic's death in September, 1902, came as Pierre and his fellow Jesuits were quietly leaving Paris for Jersey. The death of this formerly successful, buoyant brother, followed in 1904 by the death of Louise, his youngest sister, caused Teilhard momentarily to turn away from concern for things of this world. Indeed, he indicates that but for Paul Trossard, his former novice master who encouraged him to follow science as a legitimate way to God, he would have discontinued those studies in favor of theology.

From Jersey Pierre was sent in 1905 to do his teaching internship at the Jesuit college of St. Francis in Cairo, Egypt. For the next three years Teilhard's naturalist inclinations were developed through prolonged forays into the countryside near Cairo studying the existing flora and fauna and also the fossils of Egypt's past. While Teilhard carried on his teaching assignments assiduously he also made time for extensive collecting of fossils and for correspondence with naturalists in Egypt and France. His collected Letters from Egypt reveal a person with keen observational powers. In 1907 Teilhard published his first article, "A Week in Fayoum." He also learned in 1907 that due to his finds of shark teeth in Fayoum and in the quarries around Cairo a new species named Teilhardia and three new varieties of shark had been presented to the Geological Society of France by his French correspondent, Monseur Prieur. From Cairo Pierre returned to England to complete his theological studies at Ore Place in Hastings. During the years 1908 to 1912 Teilhard lived the rigorously disciplined life of a Jesuit scholastic. Yet the close relation he maintained with his family is evident in the depth of feeling expressed at the death in 1911 of his elder sister, Francoise, in China. This sister, who was the only other family member in religious life, had become a Little Sister of the Poor and worked among the impoverished of Shanghai. For Teilhard her death was particularly poignant because of the selfless dedication of her life.

His letters during this period at Hastings indicate that the demands of his theological studies left little time for geological explorations of the chalk cliffs of Hastings or the clay of nearby Weald. Yet his letters also reveal his enthusiasm for both of these types of study. In summary, three different but interrelated developments occurred during this period which significantly affected the future course of Teilhard's life. These are the reading of Henri Bergson's Creative Evolution, the anti-Modernist attack by Pope Pius X, and his discovery of a fossil tooth in the region of Hastings.

In reading Henri Bergson's newly published Creative Evolution Teilhard encountered a thinker who dissolved the Aristotelian dualism of matter and spirit in favor of a movement through time of an evolving universe. Teilhard also found the word evolution in Bergson. He connected the very sound of the word, as he says, "with the extraordinary density and intensity with which the English landscape then appeared to me -especially at sunset - when the Sussex woods seemed to be laden with all the fossil life that I was exploring, from one quarry to another, in the soil of the Weald" (from The Heart of Matter, in Robert Speaight, The Life of Teilhard de Chardin, New York, 1967, p. 45). From Bergson, then, Teilhard received the vision of on-going evolution. For Bergson, evolution was continually expanding, a "Tide of Life" undirected by an ultimate purpose. Teilhard would eventually disagree with Bergson with respect to the direction of the universe. Later he put forward his own interpretation of the evolutionary process based on the intervening years of field work.

In 1903 while Pierre was in Egypt, Pius X succeeded Leo XIII as Pope. The forward-looking momentum of Leo was abandoned by the conservative Italian Curia in favor of retrenchment and attacks on a spectrum of ideas labelled "modernism" in the encyclical Pascendi (1907) and the decrees of Lamentabili (1907). Among the many new works eventually placed on the Index of Forbidden Works was Henri Bergson's Creative Evolution, although it was not yet suspect when Teilhard read it at Hastings. It is in this ecclesiastical milieu that Teilhard endeavored to articulate his emerging vision of the spiritual quality of the universe.

It was also during his years at Hastings that Teilhard and other Jesuits met Charles Dawson, an amateur paleontologist. Because of Pierre's years of collecting in Cairo he had acquired a growing interest in fossils and prehistoric life, but he was not an accomplished paleontologist, nor did his studies allow him the time to develop the skills needed to accurately date or determine pre-historic fossils. In his very limited association with Dawson, Teilhard discovered the fossil tooth in one of the diggings that caused his name to become known to the scientific community. Moreover, Teilhard's enthusiasm for the scientific study of prehistoric human life now crystallized as a possible direction after his ordination in August 1911.

Between 1912 and 1915 Teilhard continued his studies in paleontology. But because of his initiative in meeting Marcellin Boule at the Museum of Natural History and in taking courses at this Paris museum and at the Institute Catholique with Georges Boussac, Teilhard now began to develop that expertise in the geology of the Eocene Period that earned him a doctorate in 1922. In addition, Pierre also joined such accomplished paleontologists as the Abbe Henri Breuil, Father Hugo Obermaier, Jean Boussac and others in their excavations in the Aurignacian period caves of southern France, in the phosporite fossil fields of Belgium and in the fossil rich sands of the French Alps. While Teilhard was developing a promising scientific career he also renewed his acquaintance in Paris with his cousin Marguerite Teilhard Chombon. Through Marguerite, Teilhard entered into a social milieu in which he could exchange ideas and receive critical comment from several perspectives. In these surroundings Teilhard developed his thought until the outbreak of World War I in 1914.

When the war came in August, Teilhard returned to Paris to help Boule store museum pieces, to assist Marguerite turn the girl's school she headed into a hospital, and to prepare for his own eventual induction. August was a disastrous month for the French army; the German forces executed the Schlieffen Plan so successfully that by the end of the month they were about thirty miles from Paris. In September the French rallied at the Marne and Parisians breathed easier. Because Teilhard's induction was delayed, Teilhard's Jesuit Superiors decided to send him back to Hastings for his tertianship, the year before final vows. Two months later word came that his younger brother Gonzague had been killed in battle near Soissons. Shortly after this Teilhard received orders to report for duty in a newly forming regiment from Auvergne. After visiting his parents and his invalid sister Guiguite at Sarcenat, he began his assignment as a stretcher bearer with the North African Zouaves in January 1915.

The powerful impact of the war on Teilhard is recorded in his letters to his cousin, Marguerite, now collected in The Making of a Mind. They give us an intimate picture of Teilhard's initial enthusiasm as a "soldier-priest," his humility in bearing a stretcher while others bore arms, his exhaustion after the brutal battles at Ypres and Verdun, his heroism in rescuing his comrades of the Fourth Mixed Regiment, and his unfolding mystical vision centered on seeing the world evolve even in the midst of war. In these letters are many of the seminal ideas that Teilhard would develop in his later years. For example during a break in the fierce fighting at the battle of Verdun in 1916 Teilhard wrote the following to his cousin, Marguerite:

Through these nearly four years of bloody trench fighting Teilhard's regiment fought in some of the most brutal battles at the Marne and Epres in 1915, Nieuport in 1916, Verdun in 1917 and Chateau Thierry in 1918. Teilhard himself was active in every engagement of the regiment for which he was awarded the Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur in 1921. Throughout his correspondence he wrote that despite this turmoil he felt there was a purpose and a direction to life more hidden and mysterious than history generally reveals to us. This larger meaning, Teilhard discovered, was often revealed in the heat of battle. In one of several articles written during the war, Pierre expressed the paradoxical wish experienced by soldiers-on-leave for the tension of the front lines. He indicated this article in one of his letters saying:

Teilhard's powers of articulation are evident in these lines. Moreover, his efforts to express his growing vision of life during the occasional furloughs also brought him a foretaste of the later ecclesiastical reception of his work. For although Teilhard was given permission to take final vows in the Society of Jesus in May 1918, his writings from the battlefield puzzled his Jesuit Superiors especially his rethinking of such topics as evolution and original sin. Gradually Teilhard realized that the great need of the church was, as he says, ". . . to present dogma in a more real, more universal, way -a more 'cosmogonic' way" (The Making of a Mind, pp. 267/8). These realizations often gave Teilhard the sense of "being reckoned with the orthodox and yet feeling for the heterodox" (The Making of a Mind, p. 277). He was convinced that if he had indeed seen something, as he felt he had, then that seeing would shine forth despite obstacles. As he says in a letter of 1919, "What makes me easier in my mind at this juncture, is that the rather hazardous schematic points in my teaching are in fact of only secondary importance to me. It's not nearly so much ideas that I want to propagate as a spirit: and a spirit can animate all external presentations" (The Making of a Mind, p. 281).

After his demobilization on March 10, 1919, Teilhard returned to Jersey for a recuperative period and preparatory studies for concluding his doctoral degree in geology at the Sorbonne, for the Jesuit provincial of Lyon had given his permission for Teilhard to continue his studies in natural science. During this period at Jersey Teilhard wrote his profoundly prayerful piece on "The Spiritual Power of Matter."

After returning to Paris, Teilhard continued his studies with Marcellin Boule in the phosphorite fossils of the Lower Eocene period in France. Extensive field trips took him to Belgium where he also began to address student clubs on the significance of evolution in relation to current French theology. By the fall of 1920, Teilhard had secured a post in geology at the Institute Catholique and was lecturing to student audiences who knew him as an active promoter of evolutionary thought.

The conservative reaction in the Catholic Church initiated by the Curia of Pius X had abated at his death in 1914. But the new Pope, Benedict XV renewed the attack on evolution, on "new theology," and on a broad spectrum of perceived errors considered threatening by the Vatican Curia. The climate in ecclesiastical circles towards the type of work that Teilhard was doing gradually convinced him that work in the field would not only help his career but would also quiet the controversy in which he and other French thinkers were involved. The opportunity for field work in China had been open to Teilhard as early as 1919 by an invitation from the Jesuit scientist Emile Licent who had undertaken paleontological work in the environs of Peking. On April 1, 1923, Teilhard set sail from Marseille bound for China. Little did he know that this "short trip" would initiate the many years of travel to follow.

Teilhard's first period in China was spent in Tientsin, a coastal city some eighty miles from Peking where Emile Licent had built his museum and housed the fossils he had collected in China since his arrival in 1914. The two French Jesuits were a contrast in types. Licent, a northerner, was unconventional in dress, taciturn and very independent in his work. He was primarily interested in collecting fossils rather than interpreting their significance. Teilhard, on the other hand, was more urbane; he enjoyed conversational society in which he could relate his geological knowledge to a wider scientific and interpretive sphere. Almost immediately after his arrival Teilhard made himself familiar with Licent's collection and, at the latter's urging, gave a report to the Geological Society of China. In June 1923 Teilhard and Licent undertook an expedition into the Ordos desert west of Peking near the border with Inner Mongolia. This expedition, and successive ones during the 1920s with Emile Licent, gave Teilhard invaluable information on Paleolithic remains in China. Teilhard's correspondence during this period gives penetrating observations on Mongolian peoples, landscapes, vegetation, and animals of the region.

Teilhard's major interest during these years of travel was primarily in the natural terrain. Although he interacted with innumerable ethnic groups he rarely entered into their cultures more than was necessary for expediting his business or satisfying a general interest. One of the ironies of his career is that the Confucian tradition and its concern for realization of the cosmic identity of heaven, earth and man remained outside of 'Teilhard's concerns. Similarly tribal peoples and their earth-centered spirituality were regarded by Teilhard as simply an earlier stage in the evolutionary development of the Christian revelation. Teilhard returned to Paris in September 1924 and resumed teaching at the Institute Catholique. But the intellectual climate in European Catholicism had not changed significantly. Pius XI, the new Pope since 1922, had allowed free reign to the conservative factions. It was in this hostile climate that a copy of a paper that Teilhard had delivered in Belgium made its way to Rome. A month after he returned from China Teilhard was ordered to appear before his provincial Superior to sign a statement repudiating his ideas on original sin. Teilhard's old friend Auguste Valensin was teaching theology in Lyon, and Teilhard sought his counsel regarding the statement of repudiation. In a meeting of the three Jesuits, the Superior agreed to send to Rome a revised version of Teilhard's earlier paper and his response to the statement of repudiation.

In the interim before receiving Rome's reply to his revisions, Teilhard continued his classes at the Institute. Those students who recalled the classes remembered the dynamic quality with which the young professor delivered his penetrating analysis of homo faber. According to Teilhard the human as tool-maker and user of fire represents a significant moment in the development of human consciousness or hominization of the species. It is in this period that Teilhard began to use the term of Edward Suess, "biosphere," or earth-layer of living things, in his geological schema. Teilhard then expanded the concept to include the earth-layer of thinking beings which he called the "noosphere" from the Greek word nous meaning "mind." While his lectures were filled to capacity, his influence had so disturbed a bloc of conservative French bishops that they reported him to Vatican officials who in turn put pressure on the Jesuits to silence him.

The Jesuit Superior General of this period was Vladimir Ledochowski, a former Austrian military officer who sided openly with the conservative faction in the Vatican. Thus in 1925 Teilhard was again ordered to sign a statement repudiating his controversial theories and to remove himself from France after the semester's courses.

Teilhard's associates at the museum, Marcellin Boule and Abbe Breuil, recommended that he leave the Jesuits and become a diocesan priest. His friend, Auguste Valensin, and others recommended signing the statement and interpreting that act as a gesture of fidelity to the Jesuit Order rather than one of intellectual assent to the Curia's demands. Valensin argued that the correctness of Teilhard's spirit was ultimately Heaven's business. After a week's retreat and reflection on the Ignatian Exercises, Teilhard signed the document in July 1925. It was the same week as the Scopes "Monkey Trial" in Tennessee which contested the validity of evolution.

In the spring of the following year Teilhard boarded a steamship bound for the Far East. The second period in Tientsin with Licent is marked by a number of significant developments. First, the visits of the Crown Prince and Princess of Sweden and later that of Alfred Lacroix from the Paris Museum of Natural History, gave Teilhard new status in Peking and marked his gradual movement from Tientsin into the more sophisticated scientific circles of Peking. Here American, Swedish, and British teams had begun work at a rich site called Chou-kou-tien. Teilhard joined their work contributing his knowledge of Chinese geological formations and tool-making activities among prehistoric humans in China. With Licent Teilhard also undertook a significant expedition north of Peking to DalaiNor. Finally, in an effort to state his views in a manner acceptable to his superiors Teilhard wrote The Divine Milieu. This mystical treatise was dedicated to those who love the world; it articulated his vision of the human as "matter at its most incendiary stage."

Meanwhile Teilhard had been in correspondence with his superiors who finally allowed him to return to France in August 1927. But even before Teilhard reached Marseille a new attack was made on his thought due to a series of his lectures which were published in a Paris journal. While Teilhard edited and rewrote The Divine Milieu in Paris, he was impatient for a direct confrontation with his critics. Finally in June 1928 the assistant to the Jesuit Superior General arrived in Paris to tell Teilhard that all his theological work must end and that he was to confine himself to scientific work. In this oppressive atmosphere Teilhard was forced to return to China in November 1928.

For the next eleven years Teilhard continued this self-imposed exile in China, returning to France only for five brief visits. These visits were to see his family and friends who distributed copies of his articles and to give occasional talks to those student clubs in Belgium and Paris who continued to provide a forum for his ideas. These years were also very rich in geological expeditions for Teilhard. In 1929, Teilhard traveled in Somaliland and Ethiopia before returning to China. He played a major role in the find and interpretation of "Peking Man" at Chou-kou-tien in 1929-1930. In 1930 he joined Ray Chapman Andrew's Central Mongolian Expedition at the invitation of the American Museum of Natural History. The following year he made a trip across America which inspired him to write The Spirit of the Earth. From May 1931 to February 1932 he traveled into Central Asia with the famous Yellow Expedition sponsored by the Citroen automobile company. In 1934, with George Barbour he traveled up the Yangtze River and into the mountainous regions of Szechuan. A year later he joined the Yale-Cambridge expedition under Helmut de Terra in India and afterwards von Koenigswald's expedition in Java. In 1937 he was awarded the Gregor Mendel medal at a Philadelphia Conference for his scientific accomplishments. That same year he went with the Harvard-Carnegie Expedition to Burma and then to Java with Helmut de Terra. As a result of this extensive field work Teilhard became recognized as one of the foremost geologists of the earth's terrain. This notoriety, in addition to his original theories on human evolution, made him a valuable presence for the French government in intellectual circles east and west. His professional accomplishments are even more noteworthy when one recalls the profound tragedies that he experienced in the years between 1932 and 1936 when his father, mother, younger brother, Victor, and his beloved sister, Guiguite, all died during his absence.

The final years of exile in China, 1939 to 1946, roughly correspond to the years of World War II and the disintegration of central control in Chinese Republican politics. During this period, Teilhard and a fellow Jesuit and friend, Pierre Leroy, set up the Institute of Geobiology in Peking to protect the collection of Emile Licent and to provide a laboratory for their on-going classification and interpretation of fossils. The most significant accomplishment of this period, however, was the completion of The Phenomenon of Man in May of 1940. An important contribution of this work is the creative manner in which it situates the emergence of the human as the unifying theme of the evolutionary process. The Phenomenon of Man in its presentation of the fourfold sequence of the evolutionary process (the galactic evolution, earth evolution, life evolution and consciousness evolution) establishes what might almost be considered a new literary genre.

With the war's end Teilhard received permission to return to France where he engaged in a variety of activities. He published numerous articles in the Jesuit journal, Etudes. He reworked The Phenomenon of Man and sent a copy of it to Rome requesting permission for publication, a permission never granted in his lifetime. He was also asked to stand as a candidate for the prehistory chair at the Sorbonne's College de France soon to be vacated by his long-time friend, the Abbe Henri Breuil. By May of 1947 Teilhard had exhausted himself in the attempt to restate his position and to deal with the expectations of his sympathetic readers. His exhaustion caused a heart attack on June 1st, 1947. For Teilhard this illness meant a postponement in joining a University of California expedition to Africa sponsored by the Viking Fund of the Wenner-Gren Foundation in New York. Teilhard had looked forward to the trip as an interlude before the confrontation with Rome over The Phenomenon of Man and the teaching position at the Sorbonne. While recovering from this illness, Teilhard was honored by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs for his scientific and intellectual achievements and was promoted to the rank of officer in the Legion of Honor.

In October 1948, Teilhard traveled to the United States. At this time he was invited to give a series of lectures at Columbia University. Permission was refused by the local Jesuit Superior. Suddenly, in July 1948, Teilhard received an invitation to come to Rome to discuss the controversies surrounding his thought. Gradually Teilhard realized that the future of his work depended on this encounter and he prepared himself as he said, "to stroke the tiger's whiskers."

Rome in 1948 was a city just beginning its recovery from the war's devastation. The Vatican Curia was also beginning its reorganization, for Pius XII who had assumed the Pontificate in March 1939 had been in relative isolation during the war years. In the late 1940s he developed his plans for the holy year of 1950. As a former Vatican diplomat, Pius XII continued the Curia's conservative stance with a more sophisticated and more intellectual effort.

When Teilhard came to Rome he stayed at the Jesuit residence in Vatican City. After several meetings with the Jesuit general, Fr. Janssens, Teilhard realized that he would never be allowed to publish his work during his lifetime; furthermore, that he would not be granted permission to accept the position at the College de France. Those who spoke with Teilhard when he returned to Paris could sense the frustration that enveloped him as he groped to understand the forces against which he was so powerless. During the next two years Teilhard traveled extensively in England, Africa and the United States trying to determine an appropriate place to live now that China was no longer open. In December of 1951 he accepted a research position with the Wenner-Gren foundation in New York.

Teilhard's decision to live in New York was approved by his Jesuit Superiors and this resolved his uncertainty with regard to a place of residence. He lived in the following years with the Jesuit fathers at St. Ignatius Church on Park Avenue and walked both to his office at the Wenner-Gren Foundation and to the apartment of his self-appointed secretary and friend, Rhoda de Terra. Teilhard's correspondence with Father Pierre Leroy during these final years, recently published in English as Letters From My Friend, are remarkable in their lack of bitterness and for their single-minded scientific focus.

In 1954 Teilhard visited France for the last time. He and his friend Leroy drove south together to the caves at Lascaux. Prior to visiting Lascaux they stopped at Sarcenat together with Mrs. de Terra who had joined them. Wordlessly they walked through the rooms until they came to his mother's room and her chair. Only then did Teilhard speak, saying half to himself, "This is the room where I was born." Hoping to spend his final years in his native country, Teilhard applied once more to his superiors for permission to return to France permanently. He was politely refused and encouraged to return to America.

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin died on Easter Sunday, April 10, 1955 at six o'clock in the evening. His funeral on Easter Monday was attended by a few friends. Father Leroy and the ministering priest from St. Ignatius accompanied his body some sixty miles upstate from New York City where he was buried at St. Andrews-on-Hudson, then the Jesuit novitiate.

Teilhard's life with its simple, quiet ending unfolds like the tree of life in his own description, slowly, seemingly half opened at points yet bearing within it an enduring dignity. As he wrote of the tree of life:

See the original post:
American Teilhard Association / biography