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Assessing the post-quantum threat 3 tips to be ready - SDxCentral

At what point will we declare that quantum technologies are no longer emerging, but have fully arrived? Whatever the breakthrough is that signals the tipping point, legal frameworks are not yet ready to handle the impacts of widespread quantum computing on people, societies and the rights they hold. Recent developments in the artificial intelligence (AI) policy space provide a useful roadmap for anticipating the evolution of policy approaches for regulating quantum technologies and the universe of risks they will bring with them.

Yet, as with AI, the risks are still under examined. Though we know that they will emanate from the ways in which quantum computing will amplify existing technologiessuch as AI and surveillance it is also clear they will stem from brand new capabilities, like breaking all current encryption or the application of quantum sensing (which will bring the ability to see through barriers, around corners, and potentially into the body or mind). This paper aims to shine a light on these risks, as well as the practical steps that can be taken today to address them.

The widespread release of generative AI models and applications in 2023 sent shockwaves through popular culture and signaled to world leaders and policymakers that the risks of artificial intelligence (AI) outstripped many of our existing risk management frameworks. It triggered an unprecedented wave of new efforts to plug the gaps, including The Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence, The Voluntary Commitments from Leading Artificial Intelligence Companies, The Bletchley Declaration, The Hiroshima Process, and the UN Advisory Body on AI Interim Report on Governing AI for Humanity, the NIST AI Risk Management Framework, and the EU AI Act, as well as the forthcoming Council of Europes Convention on Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law.

Stakeholders point out that the fourth-quarter rush to better govern AI parallels the pace of efforts to govern social media and the digital economy. They continue to urge policymakers to act with greater speed to safeguard against AI risks, including stronger application of existing human rights frameworks to manage AI risks. The wait-and-see approach to regulation is only justifiable when the benefits of innovation are clear and the risks are low, ill-defined or under examined. However, quantum computing, particularly in conjunction with AI, has many foreseeable dangers. Hard won lessons from recent tech policy history show us how critical it is for policymakers to safeguard quantum technologies before they are more widely deployed and accessible.

The risks that over-regulation can stifle innovation and cause technological leaders among nations, like the US, to be less competitive in a complicated geopolitical environment are real, and policy recommendations must balance these considerations. Considering quantum regulation now provides an opportunity to develop forward-looking, intentional policy frameworks that better balance the need for innovation with the need to safeguard human rights. Now is the time to begin these conversations before yet another Pandora opens a box of societal ills.

IBM, the United States foremost quantum developer, estimates that by 2030 the full power of quantum computing will be unlocked. If the companys estimates are accurate, there could be as little as six years to build the international consensus needed to establish guardrails for responsible and rights-respecting quantum computing, including updated standards for cryptography. If the past is precedent, it will take time for the global community to coalesce around approaches for integrating key human rights principles into innovation-friendly risk management frameworks for quantum, and it will take even longer for new and updated standards to be implemented. For example, in 2022 the Biden Administrations National Security Memorandum 10 on Promoting United States Leadership in Quantum Computing While Mitigating Risks to Vulnerable Cryptographic Systems, establishes 2035 as the date by which US Government entities should achieve a timely and equitable transition to quantum resistant cryptography to mitigate as much risk as possible. The time to start building consensus is now. What risks should policymakers and companies prioritize and what can be done to manage them?

To underscore the urgency of preventative policy action, we present three concrete examples of the potential dangers posed by quantum computing if we fail to take precautionary steps now. These three risks are among the most nearterm issues the world will confront as quantum technologies are deployed for everyday use: encryption breaking quantum computing, the pairing of quantum technologies with artificial intelligence for digital repression, and the application of quantum technologies to make thoughts legible to external observers (also known as mind reading).

First, a quick overview of what quantum technologies mean at this moment in time. In their groundbreaking 2021 book Law and Policy for the Quantum Age, Chris Jay Hoofnagle and Simson L. Garfinkel outline three areas in which quantum information science (QIS) will have the biggest nearterm impacts on nation states, decisionmakers (including investors), and individuals lives. Those areas are: quantum sensing, quantum computing, and quantum communications, which are defined below. The authors highlight that the nexus of these QIS sectors present a number of potential civil and political rights implications that existing policy frameworks do not yet address. Fundamental human rights standards can and will eventually be applied to prevent and address the application of QIS technologies in harmful ways. However, the slow, halting application of such standards in the social media and AI spaces, often in the wake of avoidable tragedies, teaches us that additional international consensus is required to better define and guide how human rights shape technology governance. The absence of fit-for-purpose frameworks enables bad or negligent actors to take advantage of the gray space to societys collective detriment.

For many readers, QIS technologies are likely not yet well known. Here are some basics:

While we are focused on the potential human rights risks that could result from more generally accessible quantum technologies, human-rights based risk frameworks can and should be developed to consider the broader range of risks relating to the application of QIS technologies across the tech stack and across all sectors of society, industry and national defense. This article outlines some of the most troubling risks, largely outside of the national security context, and suggests potential policy approaches that policymakers can prioritize in the coming decade.

In this age of hyper-connectivity, the sanctity of personal information underpins not only individual privacy but also the pillars of national security and global diplomacy. This sanctity is often secured by RSA encryption. In basic terms, RSA encryption involves two keys: a public key, which can be shared with everyone, and a private key, which is kept secret. When a message is sent, it is encrypted using the recipient's public key. This encrypted message can only be decrypted with the corresponding private key. The security of RSA stems from the fact that, while it's relatively easy to multiply two large prime numbers together to create a product, it's extremely difficult to do the reversethat is, to start with the product and find the original prime numbers. This one-way function is what makes RSA encryption among our most robust data privacy protections. The greatest supercomputers on the planet today would take millions of years to break this code. A seemingly invincible algorithm will meet its match, though, in the coming age of quantum computing.

Quantum computers are uniquely advantaged in solving this problem due to their fundamentally different approach to processing information. Qubits within a quantum computer exist in multiple states at once, in stark contrast to the binary nature of traditional bits. Quantum programs such as Shors Factoring Algorithm take advantage of this property in order to test an array of potential factors in the public key all at once. This fundamental distinction and other qualities allow these devices to determine the correct factors much faster than traditional computers. A sufficiently powerful quantum computer could cut the time needed to decode RSA encryption from eons to minutes.

Some experts hold that RSAs demise is a distant problem, given the current capabilities of quantum computers. While we are still jumping the technological hurdle of scaling quantum devices, and although Shors algorithm is computationally taxing, recent research such as that by NYU researcher Oded Regev may bring about quantum code-breaking much sooner than we once thought. Given the rapidly changing quantum landscape, with new research constantly being published, the uncertain timeline for these algorithms is all the more reason to be prepared.

The threats that this development poses to our data infrastructure are glaringly obvious. In addition to threatening the security of government secrets and citizens private information, an RSA breach could have significant human rights implications. Consider the nature of end to end encryption over messaging services that use RSA encryption such as Skype, Apple iMessage and Telegram. These tools provide human rights defenders and activists with a means of communication that is less vulnerable to unwarranted surveillance practices, enabling them to avoid arrest or detention for exercising protected civil and political rights. As quantum computers extend encryption breaking capabilities to repressive regimes, human rights defenders will become easy targets for government surveillance and repression. Repressive regimes may already be collecting currently uncrackable message contents in hopes they may be readable down the road using a Harvest Now, Decrypt Later methodology, a scenario that has already prompted some tech firms to act.

Adopting post-quantum cryptography will be logistically challenging and resource intensive, but it is an issue we must address urgently. The path is clear: establish a more forward-looking quantum policy agenda that mandates the overhaul of our encryption standards and software to elevate the use of algorithms that are safe against classical and quantum computation. The United States has already taken decisive action in this area. In 2022 the Biden Administrations National Security Memorandum 10 on Promoting United States Leadership in Quantum Computing While Mitigating Risks to Vulnerable Cryptographic Systems established 2035 as the date by which US Government entities should achieve a timely and equitable transition to quantum resistant cryptography to mitigate as much risk as possible. To support implementation of NSM-10, the US is developing standards for post-quantum encryption methods through The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which has already selected four quantum-proof encryption algorithms.

The development and integration of these standards into software and hardware requires concerted efforts from manufacturers and developers, including rigorous security and interoperability testing. Moreover, the update of critical infrastructure and services must be prioritized to uphold security and trust. Regulatory adjustments by governments to foster or enforce the adoption of these new encryption standards are essential, alongside public education initiatives to highlight the importance of embracing these updates for enhanced security. Continuous research and adaptation are imperative to counteract evolving cyber threats and technological innovations, effectively future-proofing encryption methods. The degree to which new standards are implemented depends upon the availability of sufficient resources to convert encryption systems. Those resources will only be made available if government and private sector stakeholders are sufficiently aware of impending risks and motivated to prioritize often scarce resources.

Academics, policymakers and civil society groups have raised alarm bells in recent years to draw attention to the risks posed by the misuse of technology, including artificial intelligence, to repress political opposition, surveil activists and control populations. As authoritarian (and some democratic) regimes increasingly harness technology to repress the public and retain or expand power, threats to fundamental civil and political rights are growing. While policymakers currently have their hands full developing human rights frameworks and safeguarding tools to better identify and manage the risks of artificial intelligence, advances in QIS will not wait. As human rights and technology scholar Vivek Krishnamurthy warns us, Quantum technologies may not yet be at the level of development where their potential impacts can be examined in detail. Even so, now is the time for the [quantum science and technology] and human rights communities to begin a dialogue to prepare for the deployment and commercialization of these technologies in a rights-respecting manner.

While many unknowns remain, there are a number of risks that are more foreseeable, as described below. Is there a way to shape evolving AI risk management frameworks to account for the additional impacts of AI combined with quantum technologies? For example, guardrails that mitigate the risks of AI-powered data fusion and social scoring would go a long way to mitigating the compounded impacts when AI is combined with quantum technologies. In addition to building upon the policy roadmap provided by AI governance frameworks in the future, is it possible to embed additional, quantum-facing risk management measures now?

AI is already being used by autocratic governments to better track political opposition and activists, and to coerce support for autocratic regimes through denial of needed government services. As noted in the 2020 Senate Foreign Relations Committee report on the use of surveillance and big data analytics in the Peoples Republic of China, artificial intelligence, facial recognition technologies, biometrics, surveillance cameras, and big data analytics [are being used] to profile and categorize individuals quickly, track movements, predict activities, and preemptively take action against those considered a threat in both the real world and online. Through big data analytics, algorithms conglomerate personal data and surveillance data surrounding ones behavior, activities, and social interactions in order to track or even score individuals. This process requires the analysis of a huge amount of data, which is challenging for classical computers on a massive scale, but ideal for quantum systems. Quantum computers ability to handle vast amounts of data at high speeds will enable disturbingly sophisticated and invasive analysis of personal behaviors and social interactions. This increased computational power allows for the real-time monitoring and scoring of individuals on a more granular level, super-sizing tactics for authoritarian control and surveillance.

As alluded to above, real-time remote biometric surveillance equipment creates the capacity to track individuals. Digital identification and centralized databases for this information create the potential for governments and for-profit enterprises to misuse such systems to monitor individuals through the use of big data analytics. Artificial intelligence can make sense of this data in order to create profiles of citizens which aim to distinguish one person from another based on collected biometric information. The Carnegie Council estimates that over 100 US cities are currently using data fusion technologies to track individuals through doorbell cameras, license plate readers, digital utility meters, street cameras, and GPS technologies, in a way that can create extensive individual profiles. Data fusion is defined as bringing data points together to create a swarm of information that can reveal a great deal about a traceable individual. The Carnegie Councils Data Fusion Mapping Tool provides an overview of the impacts of data fusion on the exercise of civil liberties in the US and highlights the risks of allowing data fusion to be used in jurisdictions without adequate due process or other risk mitigation measures.

AI-powered data fusion is not yet universally used. Now is the time to consider the implications of a super-sized universal data fusion capacity powered by quantum computing technology. Quantum-powered data fusion could make it impossible for an individual to evade tracking due to the power to process massive amounts of data pulled from unlimited public or private sector sources. Quantum computers will further expand the ability of surveillance systems to recognize your gait across millions of hours of surveillance footage, single out your voice from an audio recording of a crowded room, or identify you from the cadence of your keystrokes, without needing to read the text you send. Whether moving through city streets, participating in protest, or simply enjoying the supposed solitude of open spaces, the shadow of surveillance looms large, with quantum-enhanced systems capable of sifting through the haystack of data to pinpoint the needle of an individual identity with astonishing precision. In short, the birth of quantum computing may signal the death of anonymity.

Due to their ability to analyze huge data sets and recognize patterns or deviations from those patterns, quantum computers detect anomalies far more effectively than do classical computers. When fed surveillance data regarding the behavior of an individual, a future quantum computer would have the power to determine if that behavior deviates from their usual conduct, and ascertain what future actions will likely stem from this abnormality. Human rights concerns arise if and when this technology is applied for the purpose of predictive policing. Detaining or questioning individuals based on predicted future actions blurs the line between potential and actual wrongdoing. If left unchecked, this predictive technology could be used to further erode the line between intent to potentially commit a crime and the criminal act itself.

Lawmakers are working to enact safeguards needed to address risks that can result from the application of artificial intelligence for certain uses and in certain contexts. For example, the EU AI Act will prohibit social scoring, certain applications of predictive policing, and remote biometric identification for law enforcement purposes in public settings. There is not yet global consensus supporting prohibition of these uses of AI, and there are clear concerns that such prohibitions will stifle innovation or constrain law enforcement. The fact remains that international consensus for innovation-friendly AI safeguards are urgently needed before the riskiest use cases outlined above become commonly accepted practice. Such guidelines, many of which are under development by the United Nations, OECD (in multiple papers), and other international bodies, will provide an invaluable roadmap for launching similar efforts to constrain the misuse of quantum-based technologies for digital repression.

Beyond the policy realm, are companies taking up the challenge to design, develop and deploy QIS in ways that protects us from extreme misuse cases? If QIS is deployed in tandem with data-driven AI technologies, then the biases and inaccuracies that can emerge from AI applications would be substantially scaled beyond what we see today. How will existing algorithmic bias audits or similar safeguards be tweaked to consider the potential impacts of the quantum age? What role can regulation play in prompting companies to take such steps without stifling innovation or hampering law enforcement? How can we advance such efforts now, before pandora opens the box? And perhaps most urgently, can we apply a quantum lens to the development of AI governance frameworks today that may help us mitigate tomorrows risks?

We are already living in a time when machines are capable of translating your brain activity, as seen through an MRI, into words. Your very thoughts are now legible. Surveillance cameras are similarly trained to register your emotionsthis is a form of emotional AI, which companies are already using to improve targeted sales. Do you have the right not to have your mind or emotions read? This is a question we will need to resolve before quantum computing amplifies the capabilities of mentally intrusive technologies.

Quantum computers are likely to further amplify the power that classical computers already have to identify patterns and correlations in MRI brain scan images that classical computers cannot. Consider again the question of arrests made possible by quantum computing. Is a quantum powered lie detector testone using an MRI machine and a sufficiently powerful quantum AI algorithm, instead of a heart rate monitoradmissible in court? To take it a step further, is intent to commit a crime, if recognized through the power of a quantum mind-reader, grounds for legal intervention? And what guardrails would be required to ensure that the data sets upon which such algorithms are based are free from bias and inaccuracy? While these applications of quantum computing are more speculative than the inferences made above, they are potentially more urgent given the degree of possible harm and the absence of targeted human-rights frameworks or safeguards.

Critical questions about the limits of brain legibility do not appear to be at the forefront of most AI policy conversations, which leads one to conclude they will be similarly sidelined in future engagements on the intersection of human rights and quantum computing. Policies that establish human rights-based neurological safeguards are still underdeveloped. Now is the time to better define them. While we are far from an international consensus, one initial effort to define neurorights identified five categories that could be helpful in considering the impact of quantum-powered brain legibility. Those rights are: the right to mental privacy so that our brain data cannot be used without our consent; the right to free will, so we can make decisions without neuro technological influence, the right to personal identity so that technology cannot change our sense of self, the right to protection from discrimination based on brain data, and not least, the right to equal access to neural augmentation. International policy conversations outlining the application of human rights in this context are urgently needed and long overdue. It is unclear whether the neurorights discussion will attract global attention. Fortunately, policymakers have a wealth of existing human rights to consider in connection with emerging quantum mind-reading risks, including the right to bodily integrity that protects autonomy over ones body.

It is too early to identify the full range of potential impacts that QIS technologies may have on individuals and societies. However, experience establishing safeguards in connection with the internet, social media and artificial intelligence shows how difficult it can be to erect risk management efforts after economic models are entrenched or unregulated behaviors coalesce into accepted practice, regardless of their impacts. Now is the time to raise awareness of the foreseeable risks and increase research on risks that are less well understood. Increased advocacy by stakeholders from civil society, consumer protection organizations and academic institutions will help to justify allocation of the resources needed to achieve the recommendations outlined above. Financial commitments by public and private sector entities will be necessary to support a transition to quantum-ready encryption by 2035. Resources will also be needed to support policy analysts in considering if and how quantum considerations can be accommodated in todays AI risk management frameworks. And perhaps most importantly, QIS developers must allocate sufficient resources to understand the impacts that brand new capabilitieslike quantum sensingwill have on individuals and society as a whole.

The quantum computing community has a great deal to learn from recent efforts to apply the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights to generative AI models and applications. Such efforts provide a roadmap for better weaving human rights-based enterprise risk management approaches to govern QIS for governments and businesses alike. QIS stakeholders are fortunate to have an opportunity to build upon the evolving international consensus being hammered out now for AI.

The risk quantum computing poses to RSA encryption is already well understood, and NIST has established important guidelines for bringing encryption standards into the quantum age. However, as noted above, this shift will require significant policy support and even public funding to ensure that the pace of transition matches evolving quantum capabilities.

While world leaders and policymakers have their hands full addressing the most urgent AI-related risks, parallel questions in the QIS space will become increasingly urgent as we near 2030. Bandwidth among policymakers in the technology space is more limited than ever, and one can argue that regulating quantum risks should take a backseat when compared with the urgency of present day impacts of AI. While the risks may be years awaythey will also be significant. This moment offers an important opportunity for the legions of organizations, think tanks and academics who moved quickly to respond to evolving risks of generative AI to now turn their attention to the QIS horizon. This is the time to prepare the same level of thoroughly researched, insightful and practical recommendations for innovation-friendly QIS risk management that will enable policymakers and companies to take action beforeglobal society becomes a real-time testbed for identifying QIS impacts.

This article represents the opinions of the authors and in no way reflects the position of the United States Government or USAID. Thanks go to Stanley Byers, Chris Doten and Paul Nelson for their contributions to this article.

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Are We Ready for the Quantum Age? Preparing for the Risks of Quantum Technologies with Rights-Respecting Policy ... - Tech Policy Press

Quantum computing is a million-dollar question, even for Google. Thats why they started the XPRIZE Quantum Applications competition with GESDA. Theyre looking for ideas from people all over the world on how quantum computing can help solve things like healthcare, finance, and more. Google hopes this will lead to practical uses for quantum technology, making life better for everyone.

The XPRIZE Quantum Applications competition, launched by Google in collaboration with the Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator (GESDA), is a global initiative aimed at discovering real-world applications for quantum computing technology. Heres a detailed explanation of how the competition works:

While the immediate goal of the competition is to identify and reward innovative quantum computing applications, its broader impact lies in accelerating the development and adoption of quantum technologies. By incentivizing research and development in this emerging field, the competition aims to unlock new possibilities for solving complex problems and driving societal progress.

Overall, the XPRIZE Quantum Applications competition represents a collaborative effort to harness the transformative power of quantum computing for the benefit of humanity. Through targeted investments, rigorous evaluation, and global participation, the competition endeavors to chart a path towards a future where quantum technologies play a central role in addressing some of the worlds most pressing challenges.

Quantum computing is like a puzzle waiting to be solved we know its powerful, but figuring out exactly how to use it in the real world is still a bit of a mystery. However, weve got some exciting ideas brewing.

Imagine if we could speed up the process of finding new medicines by using quantum computers to simulate how molecules interact. It could help us discover life-saving drugs faster than ever before. Want to learn the role of generative AI in drug discovery? Visit the related article and explore.

Quantum computers have a knack for solving complex puzzles, like figuring out the most efficient routes for delivery trucks or finding the best investment strategies in finance. Its like having a supercharged brain for solving problems.

Traditional encryption methods might not stand a chance against quantum computers, but on the flip side, we can use quantum principles to create ultra-secure communication channels. Its like turning the tables on hackers and making our data safer than ever.

Quantum algorithms could revolutionize machine learning, allowing us to crunch through mountains of data at lightning speed. The possibilities are endless, from recognizing images to understanding languages.

By harnessing the immense computational power of quantum computers, we could create more accurate climate change models. This could give us a better understanding of environmental processes and help us find ways to protect our planet.

So, while were still figuring out all the ins and outs of quantum computing, theres no shortage of exciting possibilities on the horizon. Who knows what other amazing applications well discover as we continue to unlock the mysteries of this cutting-edge technology? Probably, the winner of XPRIZE Quantum Applications competition.

Featured image credit: Jp Valery/Unsplash

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Google Is Ready To Burn $5M To Learn How To Use Quantum Computing - Dataconomy

Tabor Electronics, in collaboration with FormFactor, is demonstrating the first phase of the Echo-5Q project, a full stack 5-Qubit Quantum Computer powered by QuantWares Quantum Processing Unit (QPU). This achievement showcases a significant 250% enhancement in T1 times compared to similar systems, ensuring higher qubit fidelity and increased quantum operations per cycle. The Echo-5Q project addresses the growing demand for practical quantum computing test beds and a skilled workforce. Key components of this solution include FormFactors LF-600 Cryogen-free Dilution Refrigerator, Tabor Electronics Proteus Direct to RF Control Electronics, and QuantWares Soprano-D QPU. The collaboration leverages decades of experience from both Tabor Electronics and FormFactor, resulting in good performance from the QuantWare QPU. For additional information, you can access the press release posted on the Tabor website here and the Echo-5Q Overview sheet here.

March 7, 2024

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Tabor Electronics and FormFactor Unveil Full Stack 5-Qubit Quantum Computer Project Powered by QuantWare - Quantum Computing Report

READING, England, March 5, 2024 OQC, a global leader in quantum computing-as-a-service (QCaaS), today announced that Chevron Technology Ventures, part of Chevron Corporation (CVX: NYSE), has joined its $100m Series B funding round.

Quantum computing in the energy market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 37.9%, owing to the increasing demand for efficient optimization and simulation across the sector. Chevrons investment marks a significant move by a supermajor into the rapidly evolving field of quantum computing.

OQCs development of the quantum computer has the potential to change the information processing landscape by merging the bounds of engineering and physics, said Jim Gable, Vice President, Innovation and President of Technology Ventures at Chevron. This is the latest investment from our Core Energy Fund, which focuses on high-tech, high-growth startups and breakthrough technologies that could improve Chevrons core oil and gas business performance as well as create new opportunities for growth.

OQC recently launched OQC Toshiko, an upgradable 32-qubit platform and the worlds first Enterprise Ready Quantum Computing Platform. As the first company in the world to integrate quantum computing into commercial data centers, OQC is bringing quantum out of the lab and into the data centre. The company aims to make it possible to offer hybrid computing, integrated quantum and high-performance computing, to the market.

A Quantum Future for Energy

OQCs technology provides several potential groundbreaking opportunities for the energy sector, including the development and optimization of catalysts and the efficiency of transportation and distribution networks. Quantum is anticipated to accelerate the energy industrys discovery and development of new materials through the simulation of complex molecules to lower carbon products.

To realize this future, the energy industry requires secure, accessible and powerful quantum computing that is integrated with existing high-performance computing. Prior to the launch of OQC Toshiko, quantum computers were only available in labs, making secure access for companies and integration with existing high-performance computing the largest barriers to wider business adoption of this groundbreaking technology.

Spearheading Industry-Leading R&D

OQC recently announced that SBI Investment, Japans premier venture capital fund, is leading OQCs $100m Series B raise. Existing investors Oxford Science Enterprises (OSE), The University of Tokyo Edge Capital Partners (UTEC), Lansdowne Partners, and OTIF, acted by manager Oxford Investment Consultants (OIC), are also participating.

The ongoing round is the UKs largest ever Series B in quantum computing enabling industry-leading R&D that could pave the way to quantum advantage and furthers OQCs ability to bring next generation platforms of hundreds of qubits to businesses globally.

Commenting on the news, Ilana Wisby, Chief Executive Officer at OQC, said: Chevrons investment marks a significant milestone in harnessing quantum computing for the energy sector. Were excited to drive innovation and efficiency in exploration and renewables and pioneer enterprise-ready quantum in the energy sector.

About Chevron Technology Ventures

Chevron Technology Ventures identifies and invests in externally developed technologies and new business solutions with the potential to enhance the way Chevron produces and delivers affordable, reliable, and ever-cleaner energy. CTV has more than two decades of being the primary on-ramp for external innovation into Chevron. For more information, visit http://www.chevron.com/technology/technology-ventures.

About OQC

OQC is a global leader in quantum computing-as-a-service, building a brighter future by providing enterprise-ready quantum solutions that seamlessly integrate into digital infrastructures and customer workflows. Its award-winning and world-first integration of quantum computing into colocation facilities removes technical, financial, and geographical barriers to quantum; offering every enterprise a chance to seize a competitive edge. Prior to Series B, OQC raised $52 million including the largest Series A in quantum in the UK at that time. In 2023, OQCs team grew to over 100, attracting talent from across the globe. The team has built and deployed OQC Toshiko platforms to colocation data centers expanding its operations in the UK, Japan and Spain. OQC Toshiko is the worlds first and only enterprise ready platform: a powerful next generation system, deployed to commercial data-centres, enabling businesses to securely tap into ground-breaking technology from anywhere in the world. This new technology is now in private preview and coming soon on public cloud and data centre fabric.

Source: OQC

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OQC Welcomes Chevron Technology Ventures in $100M Series B Funding to Enhance Quantum Computing in the ... - HPCwire

Source: CHUAN CHUAN / Shutterstock.com

The field ofquantum computingmay be just the next big thing. This novel field has the potential to solve complex problems that generally slow down classical computers, such as optimization, cryptography, machine learning, and simulation. To function, quantum computers use subatomic particles, such as electrons or photons, to represent and manipulate information in quantum bits (qubits). This technique gives quantum computing companies a potential speed advantage over traditional computing, especially for certain types of problems that involve large amounts of data, intricate predictions, cryptography and artificial intelligence, establishing them as leading quantum stocks. Now, we can pick some solid stocks ourselves, but what are the top ChatGPT stock predictions?

Though quantum computing technology may still be in its infancy, that hasnt stopped generative AI bots like ChatGPT from weighing in on which stocks will reap investors a 10 times return. Thus, we created this list of ChatGPT stock predictions.

I asked ChatGPT for its list of top three quantum computing stocks with the most share price return potential, and it came up with the following ChatGPT stock predictions.

Source: Twin Design / Shutterstock.com

The first company on ChatGPTs list was International Business Machines(NYSE:IBM). Given IBM has benefitted from being one of the most established companies in the tech industry, with a history of innovation and research in various fields, ChatGPTs pick is not so surprising. In the early 2000s, IBM researchers werealready performingquantum computing techniques calculations to solve cryptography problems. IBMs quantum computer consists of superconducting qubits that operate at near-zero temperatures. Similar to Google and other quantum computing players, IBM offers a cloud-based quantum computing service calledIBM Quantum Experience, which allows customers and researchers to access its quantum hardware and software.

In recent years, IBM has endured single-digit revenue growth, including in 2023, but I have always contended that the tech giants innovative edge, especially in quantum computing, could spur revenue growth in the future. This would make IBM a compelling long-term hold. If you want to grab any of these ChatGPT stock predictions, start with this one.

Source: Shutterstock

D-Wave Quantum(NYSE:QBTS) is another well-established quantum computing firm that made ChatGPTs list. The firm specializes inquantum annealing, a computing technique used to find the optimal solution for a given problem. ChatGPT noted that D-Wave quantum computing technique differs from the gate-based techniques that both IBM and Google (NASDAQ:GOOG) employ. The quantum computing firm has successfully built several quantum annealers withmore than 5,000 qubits, which allows greater potential for commercial applications.

The power of D-Wave Quantums annealers and software tools are accessible through the companys cloud platform, Leap. QBTS also offers a suite of developer tools called Ocean, which helps users design, develop, and deploy quantum applications. Most recently, D-Wavereleasedits 1200+ qubit Advantage2 quantum computing machine prototype. Those already subscribed to the D-Wave Leap platform can access the prototype and test out its capabilities.

The market seems excited about D-Wave Quantums prospects. The firms share price has nearly doubled on a year-to-date basis making a 10 times long-term return more of a reality.

Source: Below the Sky / Shutterstock.com

Nvidias(NASDAQ:NVDA) shares are already off to a great start in 2024, so much so that it could be another record year for Nvidias share price. The chipmakers share price has risen more than 66% since the start of trading in January. The chipmaker continues to ride high on the booming demand for its AI solutions, which power some of the most advanced and popular applications in the world, such asOpenAIsChatGPT and other generative AI platforms. Its probably not that much of a surprise ChatGPT included Nvidia on its list of quantum computing stocks with 10X potential.

However, Nvidia is also one of the key players in quantum computing, with itsTensor CoreGPUs used to power some of the most advanced quantum simulators and algorithms. Furthermore, Nvidia has developed its own quantum software development kit and platform calledcuQuantum, which leverages its CUDA programming model and libraries to enable developers to create and run quantum applications on Nvidia GPUs.

I think there is little doubt that when quantum computing eventually takes off, Nvidia could very well rise above the rest.

On the date of publication, Tyrik Torres did not hold (either directly or indirectly) any positions in the securities mentioned in this article. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer, subject to the InvestorPlace.comPublishing Guidelines.

Tyrik Torres has been studying and participating in financial markets since he was in college, and he has particular passion for helping people understand complex systems. His areas of expertise are semiconductor and enterprise software equities. He has work experience in both investing (public and private markets) and investment banking.

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ChatGPT Stock Predictions: 3 Quantum Computing Companies the AI Bot Thinks Have 10X Potential - InvestorPlace

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In work published in Physical Review Letters researchers at Osaka University's Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN) used "the shortcuts to the adiabaticity (STA)" method to greatly speed-up the adiabatic evolution of spin qubits. The spin flip fidelity after pulse optimization can be as high as 97.8% in GaAs quantum dots. This work may be applicable to other adiabatic passage and may be useful for fast and high-fidelity quantum control.

A quantum computer uses the superposition of "0" and "1" states to perform information processing, which is completely different from classical computing, thus allowing for the solution of certain problems at a much faster rate. High-fidelity quantum state operation in large enough programmable qubit spaces is required to achieve the "quantum advantage."

The conventional method for changing quantum states uses pulse control, which is sensitive to noises and control errors. In contrast, adiabatic evolution can always keep the quantum system in its eigenstate. It is robust to noises but requires a certain length of time.

A team from SANKEN used the STA method to greatly accelerate the adiabatic evolution of spin qubits in gate-defined quantum dots for the first time. The theory they used was proposed by the scientist Xi Chen and others. "We used the transitionless quantum driving style of STA, thus allowing the system to always remain in its ideal eigenstate even under rapid evolution," co-author Takafumi Fujita explains.

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According to the target evolution of spin qubits, this group's experiment adds another effective driving to suppress diabatic errors, which guarantees a fast and nearly ideal adiabatic evolution.

The dynamic properties were also investigated and proved the effectiveness of this method. Additionally, the modified pulse after optimization was able to further suppress noises and improve the efficiency of quantum state control.

Finally, this group achieved spin flip fidelity of up to 97.8%. According to their estimation, the acceleration of adiabatic passage would be much better in Si or Ge quantum dots with less nuclear spin noise.

"This provides a fast and high-fidelity quantum control method. Our results may also be useful to accelerate other adiabatic passage in quantum dots," corresponding author Akira Oiwa says.

As a promising candidate for quantum computing, gate-defined quantum dots have long coherence times and good compatibility with the modern semiconductor industry. The team is trying to find more applications in gate-defined quantum dots systems, such as the promotion to more spin qubits. They hope to find a simpler and more feasible solution for fault-tolerant quantum information processing using this method.

More information: Xiao-Fei Liu et al, Accelerated Adiabatic Passage of a Single Electron Spin Qubit in Quantum Dots, Physical Review Letters (2024). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.027002. On arXiv: DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2312.13135

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Shortcut to success: Toward fast and robust quantum control through accelerating adiabatic passage - Phys.org

Quantum computing software startup Multiverse Computing S.L. said today it has raised 25M (USD $27.1 million) in a new early-stage funding round.

The funds from the oversubscribed Series A round will enable it use emerging quantum computers to try and tackle some of the worlds biggest challenges around artificial intelligence and environmental change.

Todays round was led by Columbus Venture Partners and saw significant contributions from Quantonation Ventures and new investors, including the European Innovation Council Fund, Redstone QAI Quantum Fund and Indi Partners, among other prominent backers.

Multiverse doesnt build quantum computers itself. Rather, it specializes in the development of what it calls quantum-inspired algorithms, which are advanced tensor networks based on the principles of quantum computing. Theyre said to be the most efficient algorithms that can run in todays existing classical computers, and theyre especially suited for industries such as AI, energy, manufacturing, finance, defense and healthcare.

Its main offerings include a product called Singularity, which helps users with no quantum background solve challenges around AI and optimization applications using quantum and quantum-inspired computers. The startup has also built a product called CompactifAI, which is designed to compress large language models using quantum-inspired tensor networks in order to reduce their size by up to 80% without affecting their performance. Its a promising development because LLMs are what sit at the heart of powerful generative AI applications such as ChatGPT.

With respect to LLMs, the company says their growing power is going to be a big problem, since the computational costs of such workloads are exploding. Its estimated that the costs of training the most powerful LLMs available today can exceed $100 million, yet were still only at the dawn of the nascent generative AI industry.

As a result, the company said, LLM training costs will likely double every 10 months. Such costs are unsustainable, and unless a new technological paradigm is introduced, the AI industry will consume intolerable amounts of energy and money.

This is where Multiverses CompactifAI can make a difference. Its uniquely able to compact AI models using Tensorized networks that have been shown to train LLMs faster and at much lower costs, with early studies showing it has achieved accelerations of up to 1,000 times.

According to the startup, by tensorizing LLMs it can locate the most relevant and also the not-so-relevant parts of any model and compress them in order to significantly reduce its size, without compromising performance. This is key, not only from the perspective of saving costs, but also in terms of practicality. For instance, the enormous resources required by LLMs make them impossible to deploy at the edge, limiting their usefulness in autonomous vehicles, for example.

Multiverses quantum software can also accelerate other AI applications, such as computer vision in manufacturing, localized weather forecasting, anomaly detection in cybersecurity, AI-based trading and AI-based protein design.

The startup has also developed an intriguing LLM Lobotomizer, which is designed to help trained LLMs forget undesirable information they have learned. Believe it or not, this is presently very difficult to do, and it can cause problems such as toxic AI or AI hallucinations, which is when AI generates fake responses. The best method for helping LLMs forget something theyve learned is to use post-training filters, but studies show that these arent always effective.

In addition, Multiverse said, its quantum and quantum-inspired software algorithms also have great potential in terms of environmental sustainability, helping to solve difficulties around electrical distribution in renewable energies, battery design, hydrogen production and more.

Multiverses advances in these areas are the reason why it was recently named as one of the worlds most promising 100 AI companies by CB Insights.

Singularity has made the benefits of quantum and quantum-inspired computing more accessible to industry, and we will continue diversifying its applications, said Roman Orus, chief scientific officer at Multiverse.

Multiverse explains quantum-inspired algorithms can outperform classical computers in many complex tasks, and for that reason they have the potential to solve many currently intractable challenges that will never be overcome using traditional methods. Its for this reason that McKinsey & Co. estimates quantum technology could deliver up to $1.3 trillion in value over the next decade, as it matures.

Javier Garcia, a partner at Columbus Venture Partners, said Multiverse is poised to deliver groundbreaking solutions in areas such as AI, life sciences and biotechnology. Columbus Venture Partners will help to identify unmet market needs and high-profile industrial partners, he added.

The startup said the funding from todays round will help it to accelerate the development of its quantum-inspired algorithms and support its global expansion, with a particular focus on the U.S.

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Multiverse Computing raises 25M to deliver more efficient LLMs using quantum-inspired algorithms - SiliconANGLE News

Insider Brief

PRESS RELEASE Multiverse Computing, a global leader in value-based quantum and quantum-inspired computing solutions and the largest quantum software company in the European Union, today announced it has secured a 25 million (USD $27.1 million) oversubscribed investment round.

The round was led by Columbus Venture Partners through their SCR, with significant contributions from Quantonation Ventures and new investors, including the European Innovation Council Fund, Redstone QAI Quantum Fund, and Indi Partners, among other prominent backers. This achievement reinforces the compnanys solid investment base and position as a leader in the quantum software landscape.

We are thrilled to announce our first investment in Multiverse, a pioneering quantum software company poised to revolutionize several industry segments, said Javier Garcia, Partner at Columbus Venture Partners. Multiverses exceptional team will soon apply their unparalleled capability to deliver quantum and quantum-inspired software solutions also within the life sciences and biotechnology markets, where Columbus Venture Partners will help to identify unmet market needs and high-profile industrial partners.,

Quantonation was the first investor in Multiverse and we are glad to support the team in this new acceleration phase, said Olivier Tonneau, Partner at Quantonation. The company has demonstrated a level of commercial traction that we did not expect so soon for quantum software applications. This Series A clearly positions Multiverse as a leader in quantum software,,

The company plans to utilize the new funding to accelerate the development of its proprietary quantum and quantum-inspired algorithms and software, including its flagship product Singularity and recently released LLM compressor CompactifAI

Singularity enables professionals with no quantum background to use quantum and quantum-inspired computing for AI and optimization applications to achieve near-term value today across finance, energy, manufacturing, lifescience, cybersecurity and defense. CompactifAI compresses large language models with quantum-inspired tensor networks to reduce their size by more than 80% while maintaining accuracy. Those tools have also positioned Multiverse as one of the 100 most promising AI companies in the world, as part of the quantum AI segment of CB Insights.

The investment from our partners and our rapid growth validate the teams accomplishments in providing customers in energy, manufacturing, finance, defense and other industries with real value today, said Enrique Lizaso-Olmos, CEO and co-founder of Multiverse Computing. We expect to continue to double our revenues year over year and consolidate our industry leadership.

The company also intends to use the funding to support its global expansion, including the U.S.s. Multiverse will join industry partners, academic institutions and government entities in bringing quantum and quantum-inspired utility to new markets and industries.

Singularity has made the benefits of quantum and quantum-inspired computing more accessible to industry, and we will continue diversifying its applications, said Roman Orus, Chief Scientific Officer at Multiverse. We also look forward to refining CompactifAI for LLM compressionwhich can already be used on top of other methods such as quantizing, pruning and distillingand to finalize the development of other members of the our quantum-inspired AI algorithm platform to eliminate unnecessary information contained in current LLM models.

Quantum computers are designed to outperform classical computers by running quantum algorithms o solve previously intractable problems when the technology matures. McKinsey projects the technology could account for over $1.3 trillion in value in the next decade. Quantum-inspired algorithms (tensor networks) are the most efficient algorithms that can currently run in ordinary computers today, outperforming any other solutions in industries as energy, manufacturing, finance, defense, health, AI and more.

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Multiverse Computing Raises Oversubscribed 25 million Series A Investment Round to Advance Quantum and ... - The Quantum Insider

ConScience AB, based in Gothenburg, Sweden, has entered into a distribution agreement with Quantum Microwave, a US-based company, covering the USA and Canada. This agreement follows ConScience ABs launch of its first Quantum device, the QiB0, in Q1 2024. Quantum Microwave, known for distributing components in the quantum computing market, is pleased to include ConScience ABs products in its portfolio, enhancing its ability to offer active quantum computing devices to clients. The QiB0 device features 4 single qubits and 2 coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators with characteristics such as up to 80 s qubit lifetime and 1 million quality factor of CPW resonators. Intended for research groups, companies, and universities, it facilitates the verification of quantum measurement systems and educates the next generation of quantum scientists and engineers. ConScience AB specializes in clean-room production and has a track record of providing expertise in micro- and nanofabrication to industries and academia. For additional information, you can access the press release provided here.

March 07, 2024

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ConScience AB Partners with Quantum Microwave to Distribute Quantum Devices in North America - Quantum Computing Report