June-Marie Raw Food and Fitness Health misc videos 012 – Video
Posted: August 4, 2012 at 10:13 pm
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Fits, faints and blackouts: the role of occupational health
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Workers who are at risk of passing out suddenly or who suffer from frequent fitting can be a danger to themselves and others. Occupational health teams can help manage these afflictions in order to minimise the associated risks. Colin Payton reports.
Occupational health practitioners are regularly asked to see workers who have suffered from what they describe as fits, faints, blackouts or turns of some other sort. It is vital to establish the true clinical nature of such episodes, whether or not they have involved a transient loss of consciousness (TLOC), and to determine the cause in order to advise employers on the afflicted member of staff's fitness for work.
It is also important to understand how underlying conditions are investigated, how they can be treated and how effective treatment can help workers to remain at, or return to, work. The most common causes of TLOC are seizures (provoked and unprovoked) and syncope (cardiac and non-cardiac); it is important to distinguish between these because seizures, generally speaking, have far greater implications on fitness for work. Other causes of TLOC include concussion following a head injury and intoxication, but these are less relevant to occupational health.
Seizures
Epileptiform seizures, also referred to as fits or convulsions, are the result of a spontaneous abnormal electrical discharge in the brain. Around 10% of people experience a seizure at some time in their life (Berg et al, 1991).
They can be provoked or unprovoked. Provoked seizures are caused by brain injury or illness, or by metabolic problems. The most common causes are cerebrovascular disease, withdrawal from alcohol and drugs, trauma and tumours. There are many different types, not all of which cause loss of consciousness. A generalised tonic-clonic seizure, or grand mal seizure, is the most common, the most debilitating and the most likely to affect fitness for work. Epilepsy is a disorder where there is a tendency for recurrent unprovoked seizures, and is diagnosed after a patient suffers two or more.
A prodromal phase is uncommon but can be the first indication of an impending seizure. The patient experiences symptoms that are ill-defined, but also has a distinct feeling that a seizure is about to happen. This phase can last just a few moments or much longer, sometimes days. An aura is more common, and very brief, and includes physical symptoms such as butterflies in the stomach, paraesthesiae (pins and needles), a feeling that they can smell something familiar, difficulties with speech and a sensation of dj vu. Consciousness is sometimes altered during the aura and the patient may be unresponsive to others' conversation. The patient then loses consciousness and falls abruptly, with an appreciable risk of injury.
It is important to understand how underlying conditions are investigated, how they can be treated and how effective treatment can help workers to remain at, or return to, work."
Their muscles go into spasm, in what is described as the tonic phase of the fit, and they sometimes cry out due to spasm of the respiratory muscles forcing air out of their lungs. This is followed by the clonic phase, which includes rhythmic jerking movements of the arms, leg and face. They sometimes bite their tongue and can lose control of their bladder and, occasionally, their bowels. When they wake up, they are confused and may then fall into a postictal sleep. Over the next 24 hours they may experience soreness and stiffness of their muscles due to the powerful repetitive jerking movements during the clonic phase. Patients may not have any recall and an eye-witness account, or even a video of an attack, can help to establish the clinical diagnosis.
Investigating seizures
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Fits, faints and blackouts: the role of occupational health
Michael Phelps swims into retirement with 18th Olympic gold on U.S. 400 medley relay team
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LONDON The final swim of Michael Phelps' incomparable career was a victory lap, a coronation and a mere formality.
Phelps' butterfly leg in the 400-meter individual medley helped propel the United States to an emphatic victory and sent Phelps into retirement with his 22nd career Olympic medal a staggering 18 of them gold. Both totals are records and it will take a long time before those totals are even challenged, much less broken.
Phelps was joined on the winning relay by backstroker Matt Grevers, breaststroker Brendan Hansen and freestyler Nathan Adrian. The U.S. has never lost an Olympic 400 medley relay, and this one was never in doubt after Phelps regained the lead on the third leg. The Americans won with a time of 3:29.35. Japan (3:31.26) took the silver medal and Australia (3:31.58). captured the bronze.
"I could probably sum it up in a couple of words and just say, 'I did it.'" Phelps said of his career. "Through the ups and downs, I've still been able to do everything that I've ever wanted to accomplish. I've been able to do things nobody's ever done and that's what I've always wanted to do."
"The memories I have for this week will never go away," he added.
This victory gives Phelps four gold medals and two silver for the London Olympics an impressive haul for a 27-year-old and especially impressive after his shaky start here.
Phelps shockingly missed the podium in his first event, the 400 individual medley, then regrouped by winning the 100 butterfly and 200 IM and swimming strong legs on the gold medal-winning 800 freestyle relay. His silver medals were in the 400 free relay and 200 butterfly.
His final three swims all ended with him on the top step of the podium, listening to the "Star-Spangled Banner." Phelps was more emotional on the podium than he had been in Olympics past, as the emotional weight of his career's end sunk in.
After receiving his final gold medal, Phelps got a lifetime achievement award from FINA, the sport's swimming federation. The trophy boasted the words "greatest Olympian of all time," a title he only took partial credit for.
"I've been able to become the best swimmer of all time and we got here together," Phelps said of his longtime coach Bob Bowman.
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Michael Phelps swims into retirement with 18th Olympic gold on U.S. 400 medley relay team
For India, Time for Retirement Planning Is Now
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With more than 50% of its current population under 25 years of age, India's great "demographic dividend" needs to change a few habits--immediately--or it might be too late.
India is on its way to becoming the most populous nation in the world by 2025, surpassing China. By 2050, the number of Indians older than 65 will cross 200 million from about 80 million currently, while the number of Indians older than 80 will be at 43 million, second only to China.
According to a survey by HSBC titled, "The Future of Retirement--It's Time to Prepare," by 2050 India's elderly will equal the number of its children for the first time ever. Furthermore, a United Nations study points out that, in line with the global trend of increased life expectancies and declining fertility rates, old-age dependency ratios will increase, particularly in developing countries like India.
Quite clearly, greater resources will need to be set aside for the elderly. There is a "significant requirement for retirement planning, both at the individual level and for the Indian population as a whole," says Canara HSBC OBC Life Insurance's appointed actuary Chirag Rathod. "This requires increased awareness as a society about the need for proper retirement planning and the real threat of outliving your savings."
Given the sheer scale of this impending demographic shift, India's plan--or the lack of one--to take care of its elderly deserves a closer look.
Current Retirement AccountsIndia doesn't currently have a broad Social Security plan like the United States, but policymakers have created some retirement-focused savings vehicles.
Established in the 1950s, the Employees Provident Fund is most similar to the U.S. Social Security program, but its coverage is much more limited. Participation is compulsory only for employers with 20 or more workers and for workers who have a basic salary of more than INR 6,291 per month. Both employee and employer contribute an equal amount (either 12% of basic salary or INR 780) to the individual's EPF account, on which participants get a fixed interest rate. The EPF falls under the purview of the Employees Provident Fund Organisation, which has traditionally given the responsibility of managing these funds to state-owned or government-backed lenders.
The EPF is not without its problems. The first is reach: It covers only the organized, formally employed segment of the working population, while the vast majority of Indians--including entrepreneurs, self-employed businessmen, the agricultural labor force, and others--work in the so-called unorganized sector. In addition, even though the government offered a high interest rate in the early years of the plan, yields have since come down. Although the EFP's automatic contributions instill investing discipline on workers, participants can withdraw their savings after leaving their current job in lieu of transferring their account to their next employer, in the process dealing a big blow to their retirement savings potential.
In a move away from the defined benefit EPF, the Indian government established the National Pension Scheme in 2009 in an attempt to create a defined-contribution plan along the lines of the 401(k) in the United States. However, unlike the 401(k), which is offered through employers in the U.S., any Indian citizen between 18 and 60 years of age can invest in the NPS, which is administered to individuals through point-of-presence service provider outlets, which act as collection points.
NPS participants can exercise some control over how their contributions are invested. The government has defined three asset classes: 1) E--high return/high risk, which invests in predominantly equity market instruments; 2) C--medium return/medium risk, which invests in predominantly fixed-income instruments; and 3) G--low return/low risk, which invests in purely fixed-income instruments. Participants can choose to invest their entire amount in the C or G asset classes, but only up to a maximum of 50% in equity (class E). In case participants are unwilling or unable to exercise a choice regarding their investment strategy, funds are invested in accordance with an auto-choice option across the asset classes in percentage allocations prescribed by the Pension Fund Regulatory Development Authority depending on the participant's age.
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For India, Time for Retirement Planning Is Now
Reasons To Stay Put During Retirement
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Dreams of retirement have traditionally included moving hundreds or even thousands of miles away to exotic locations, golf courses and endless summer days. The reality, however, is that more Americans are staying put during retirement out of necessity or the desire to remain in a familiar environment. According to an analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data by Richard W. Johnson, Director of the Urban Institute's Program on Retirement Policy, only 1.6% of retirees between the ages of 55 and 65 moved across state lines in 2010. The remaining 98.4 percent either stayed in their existing homes or made in-state moves.
SEE: Retirement Planning
The decades following World War II saw plummeting poverty rates in the aging population because of the introduction of Social Security and Medicare, and due to the abundance of employer defined-benefit pension plans. This influx of retirement money made it possible and normal for people to move to sunny spots during retirement. Current economic conditions, as well as changing views on the definition of a successful retirement, are leading more people to stay put during retirement.
Why Stay? There are many reasons to stay put or "age in place" during retirement, some of which are due to necessity while others can be attributed to choice. The 2008 financial and falling real estate prices have made it challenging for some to sell their existing homes, limiting alternatives during retirement. Many pre-retirees who counted on selling a home and using the proceeds to purchase a smaller home or condominium during retirement have been left with a tough choice: sell the home for much less than anticipated, or stay put.
Retirees also remain in the existing homes, or at least the area, out of choice. Established professional, social and family networks may be difficult to give up. Professional connections may help retirees secure part-time or less stressful full-time work during the retirement years. Social networks provide important opportunities for people to remain active in both physical and mental terms. An established circle of friends is, for many, an invaluable component of a successful and happy retirement. And family, of course, is also a consideration. It is often difficult to move away with children, grand-children and great-grand-kids in the area. While it is enjoyable to spend time with family and spoil the grand-kids, children often move into an important and active role in the care of aging parents.
By the time the retirement years roll around, many people also have an established and trusted group of service providers from local doctors and hospitals, to car mechanics and salon professionals. In certain situations, these providers may cross into the "staying put out of necessity" category, particularly doctors of chronic medical conditions. By staying put during retirement, all of the necessary and important relationships professional, social and service are in place and familiar.
SEE: Journey Through The 6 Stages Of Retirement
Considerations When Staying Put While "planning for retirement" often refers to saving financially for the golden years making investments, balancing portfolios and the like planning also needs to involve taking care of the human side of retirement.
Health Maintaining or adapting a healthy lifestyle is an important and often overlooked part of retirement planning. The old adage "use it or lose it" is especially relevant to physical and mental activity. A study published by Oxford University Press 2009 on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America found that people who are nearing retirement age show the highest rates of weight gain and obesity . S tudies also have shown that mental decline is not inevitable as we age: keeping the brain active through mental stimulation improves memory and other brain functions.
Being proactive about health by eating well, getting physical activity, and seeking mental stimulation can lead to happier retirement years. Like most plans, it is best to write down realistic goals and determine an approach for meeting the goals and share the goals with friends and family. Without a written plan, it is easy for things like healthy eating and exercise to fall to the way side.
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Reasons To Stay Put During Retirement
Valerie Adams will relish the personal battle
Posted: at 10:12 pm
Valerie Adams' biggest challenge ahead lies in her head. For it's in the mental space that her long-time rival, Nadzeya Ostapchuk of Belarus, seems intent to play.
It's not currently possible to know Adams' thoughts on Ostapchuk's apparent recent spike in form as the pair prepare for their showdown for gold in the shot put on Tuesday morning (NZ time).
The powerful Aucklander long ago shut down her media commitments. She arrived in London only in recent days from Switzerland where she has been training, according to inside observers, "at a whole new level". She is in her own zone. No visitors allowed, especially pesky journalists wanting to know what she thinks of Ostapchuk.
And what are we to think of her? Or more accurately, what are we to believe about her?
On the one hand, every time Ostapchuk has faced Adams in meaningful competition she has folded faster than a collapsible deckchair. In Beijing four years ago, Adams psychologically destroyed her early in the final and she never recovered.
It's been the same whenever Adams has broken from her daily Spartacus-style training regime in Switzerland to compete in the Diamond League, the premier northern hemisphere track and field circuit.
The Kiwi Olympic champion beat her at the world indoor championships in Turkey this year and has maintained that dominance in recent Diamond League encounters. But then a strange thing happened. Midway through June, Ostapchuk suddenly started throwing consistently over 21 metres. Adams, whose personal best is 21.24m, has thrown 21.03m and 21.11m in her last two competitive outings.
But Ostapchuk has supposedly eclipsed Adams' best throw this year five times in as many weeks, including the year's best throw of 21.58m on July 18. The word supposedly is used because all of Ostapchuk's "Val-beating throws" happened within the borders of Belarus. Cynical athletics insiders whisper about "magical measuring tapes" when it comes to distances attained at nondescript events within old Soviet and Eastern Bloc countries which often make only a passing nod to athletics convention.
If Ostapchuk has made a quantum leap in performance on the eve of London, the same cynics might point towards other reasons than a magical tape. Either way it seems Ostapchuk wants to play with Adams' head. It's a brave strategy.
In Beijing, Adams relished the challenge of personalising the battle with her rival. She stared her down with the type of body language that both intimidates and imposes. Adams is not an athlete to be messed with and a fascinating personal battle awaits when the pair face off.
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Valerie Adams will relish the personal battle
London 2012: Jessica Ennis going for gold in heptathlon with only the 800m left to run as she smashes personal best in …
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Team GB poster girl delivers Great Britain's TWELFTH gold of the Games She stormed to gold by winning 800m in front of 80,000 home crowd Javelin: Jessica Ennis threw a lifetime best of 47.49m, smashing her previous personal best of 47.11m. Long Jump: Managed 6.40m in the second round and 6.48m in the third Heptathlete racked up a 188-point lead by mid-afternoon, setting her up for tonight's 800m run
By Jill Reilly and Chris Parsons
PUBLISHED: 08:19 EST, 4 August 2012 | UPDATED: 17:05 EST, 4 August 2012
Jessica Ennis tonight lived up to her pre-Games billing as the golden girl of British athletics by storming to gold in the Olympic heptathlon.
The 26-year-old Sheffield star earned Great Britain's twelfth gold - and Team GB's fourth of five on 'Super Saturday' - following her 1st place finish in the 800m.
Roared on by a partisan 80,000 crowd, home favourite Ennis looked overcome with emotion after becoming Olympic champion at her first ever athletics contest in London.
Top of the pile: Ennis throws her arms into the air after topping the podium in style by winning the 800m
World's greatest: The Sheffield athlete won the heptathlon with 6995 points - over 300 more than her nearest rival
She's done it: Ennis cannot contain her joy after her stunning heptathlon performance in the Olympic Stadium
Queen of the heptathlon: Ennis was crowned Olympic champion in her first ever athletics contest in London
Olympic athletes on fast track to 100M success
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LONDON - They are calling the racing surface here at Olympic Stadium the magic carpet and after two days of competition, its not hard to see why.
On Friday, the opening day of track and field competition, a total of 52 personal bests and 12 national records were set.
The speed show continued on Saturday as the top contenders for the mens 100 metres ran quick times under minimal effort leading to expectation that Usain Bolts world record will tumble in Sundays semifinal and final rounds and perhaps more than once.
This is way fast, Ivory Coast sprinter Murielle Ahoure said on Saturday. I cant believe it.
Shes not alone although the track and the stadium were built with just that in mind.
The high-tech track that hundreds of millions of viewers around the world will stop to watch Bolt and the rest of the top sprinters put it to the test. The track surface known as Mondotrack has absorbing material on the bottom rather than the top which, according to the science anyway, provides better traction. As a result, the runners havent needed their spikes to dig into the track as much while still getting adequate grip to rip off speedy times.
Whatever it is, the athletes are certainly noticing a difference. British heptathlete Jessica Ennis was stunned when she ran a personal best 12.54 in the 100-metre hurdle event of her competition, the first official race on the track on Friday morning.
If Id run 12.8 or 12.7 something, I would have been over the moon, said Ennis, who was cruising towards a gold medal on Saturday. But .54? I literally cant believe it. Not many could. The time beat the heptathlon hurdles record set by Jackie Joyner-Kersee in 1988.
It isnt just the track that was meant to boost the speeds either. The partial roof of the stadium was designed by engineers with experience in wind tunnels to minimize the effect of whatever breezes get inside on the competition.
It also hasnt hurt that the track competition so far has been played in front of noisy capacity crowds of 80,000 for each of the four ticketed sessions thus far. Those roars will be expected to peak around 10 p.m. Sunday night when the mens 100M final is raced. Based on what has happened so far, few would be surprised if Bolt and Co. give them something extra fast to roar about.