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Quantum theory is used in a variety of microscopy techniques. Quantum microscopy enables the measurement and imaging of tiny features of matter and quantum particles. This article provides an overview of how quantum microscopy can drive the future of sensing and imaging.

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Modern research extensively uses optical microscopy and spectroscopy in various fields, from fundamental physics to chemistry, material science, and life sciences. It is fascinating to see how advances in understanding light properties have prompted new imaging applications over time.

Understanding diffraction and interference requires considering light as a wave. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the basic realization that light exists as discrete energy units called quanta sparked the first quantum revolution, which built the whole laser and photonics industry. In the second quantum revolution, quantum states that can display entanglement and superposition are used for quantum technology applications. Due to these new findings, various innovative sensing and imaging methods are now feasible.

One approach to overcoming some of the constraints of conventional imaging systems, where entanglement plays a key role, is to use the quantum features of light. The energy, momentum, and position correlations of the entangled photon pairs are particularly important. They enable imaging and spectroscopy in spectral bands where effective detection is not feasible.

Beyond classical restrictions like the shot noise level, sensing and imaging become conceivable by employing certain quantum states of light and associated photon number statistics. Additionally, two-photon fluorescence microscopy may be performed at very low light intensities when using quantum light, opening up new perspectives for photosensitive biological probes.

There are several ways to go beyond the traditional restrictions of sensitivity and resolution in optical microscopy, thanks to the principles of quantum optics. Imaging a biological sample has remained difficult despite using several concepts in proof-of-concept tests, primarily because of the intrinsically weak signal recorded and the fragility of quantum states of light. However, in theory, these quantum protocols may increase the capabilities of current super-resolution methods by introducing new information without erasing the conventional information.

Bright sources of entangled photons have sparked a revival in quantum optical interferometry. Quantum metrology, quantum computing logic gates, quantum lithography, quantum cryptography and quantum teleportation are some of the unique concepts related to quantum entanglement that have been implemented using optical interferometry to test the fundamentals of quantum mechanics.

In order to overcome the shot-noise limit in quantum metrology, new techniques have been developed. For example, these techniques may be employed in fiber optical gyroscopes and sensors for biological or chemical targets. Furthermore, imaging techniques like LIDAR and optical lithography may surpass the Rayleigh diffraction limit by using this entanglement.

Image scanning microscopy (ISM) is a new super-resolution technique that improves reliable resolution without lowering the signal intensity. Recently, researchers developed quantum image scanning microscopy (Q-ISM), which increases the resolution of ISM up to twofold, four times above the diffraction limit, by combining ISM with the measurement of quantum photon correlation. They developed the Q-ISM concept and used photon antibunching, a quantum phenomenon, as a resolution-enhancing contrast mechanism to produce super-resolved optical pictures of a biological material dyed with fluorescent quantum dots.

A quantum microscope platform created by University of Technology Sydney (UTS) researchers provides new techniques to examine material characteristics and physical processes.

Due to their propensity to react to electromagnetic fields or other stimuli, quantum sensors based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy centres are recognized as potentially sensitive devices for monitoring specific physical attributes. However, reliance on quantum defects housed in stiff 3D crystals like diamond has made it challenging to interact intimately with a sample when employing solid-state spin sensors as microscopy tools up to this point.

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Instead of a larger crystal, this novel method takes advantage of point flaws embedded inside a tiny layer of hexagonal boron nitride (hBn). As a van der Waals substance, hBn comprises weaker-hold material layers in two dimensions. As a result, Van der Waals sensors might make it possible to use a quantum microscopy method on materials and targets that were not previously reachable.

Quantum microscopy enables the measurement and imaging of tiny features of matter and quantum particles. Due to quantum microscopy, several novel sensing and imaging techniques are now possible. The specifics covered in this article strongly imply that quantum microscopy will play a significant part in future sensing and imaging. The development of technologies like hBN-based quantum microscopes and quantum image scanning microscopy has the potential to enhance resolution significantly. Future MRI and NMR imaging of chemical processes, as well as imaging and remote sensing applications, may all be done using hBN-based quantum microscopes.

More from AZoOptics: What are Fiber Optic Microendoscopes?

Gilaberte Basset, M., Setzpfandt, F., Steinlechner, F., Beckert, E., Pertsch, T., & Grfe, M. (2019). Perspectives for applications of quantum imaging. Laser & Photonics Reviews. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/lpor.201900097

Healey, A. J., Scholten, S. C., Yang, T., Scott, J. A., Abrahams, G. J., Robertson, I. O., ... & Tetienne, J. P. (2022). Quantum microscopy with van der Waals heterostructures. Nature Physics. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-022-01815-5

Jonathan P. Dowling and Kaushik P. Seshadreesan (2015) Quantum Optical Technologies for Metrology, Sensing, and Imaging. Journal of Lightwave Technology. https://opg.optica.org/jlt/abstract.cfm?URI=jlt-33-12-2359

Quantum microscopy prototype points to novel sensing and imaging (2022) Optics.org. Available at: https://optics.org/news/13/11/13 (Assessed: November 28, 2022)

Tenne, R., Rossman, U., Rephael, B., Israel, Y., Krupinski-Ptaszek, A., Lapkiewicz, R., ... & Oron, D. (2019). Super-resolution enhancement by quantum image scanning microscopy. Nature Photonics. https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1806/1806.07661.pdf

Disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the author expressed in their private capacity and do not necessarily represent the views of AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork the owner and operator of this website. This disclaimer forms part of the Terms and conditions of use of this website.

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The Future of Sensing and Imaging Using Quantum Microscopy - AZoOptics

Denise Austin has been inspiring women to get fit and have fun for four decades. As one of the key figures of the '80s aerobics boom, she knows a thing or two about fitness trends and which exercises stand the test of time and at 65, Austin is still going strong. Her latest project is a 30-minute free workout on her YouTube channel, made in collaboration with SlimFast and inspired by her iconic workouts from the '80s. Things are just coming full circle now, she tells Womans World. I felt like I was back filming my exercise VHS tapes because I did so many of the same moves. Here, Austin discusses the reason retro workouts are making a comeback, how her daughter is following in her footsteps, and some ways we can all stay more positive and healthy going into the holiday season.

Austin has been delighted to see '80s workouts making a comeback and getting rediscovered by the younger generations. I love it. It brings me joy, she gushes. The colors are fun, and I have such happy memories of just starting [out]. The decade was a time of playful fashions and poppy music (some of Austins favorites were Cyndi Lauper, Donna Summer, and Michael Jackson) and, as she puts it, I think we need to bring more fun back into the world of fitness. We were always smiling. We need that right now. It's the perfect time to bring it all back.

Working out has changed a bit since then; women now wear sleek Lululemon leggings and play their own Spotify music via headphones at the gym, whereas it was Girls Just Want to Have Fun and leg warmers when I started in the early '80s, and aerobics had just started getting popular, Austin recalls. So, things are very different now. But in the same way, people just wanted to feel good and move, exercise, and get some energy. And that's always stayed the same throughout my 40 years in the fitness industry. People still want to have fun and enjoy fitness, but not do anything thats too much.

Austin points out that exercise has become even more valuable in todays tech-obsessed world. Movement really helps with your mind," she notes. "With the phones and all the social media, it's totally switched our thinking. We need to get outside of our environment and enjoy life and not be so worried about social media all the time. That's why I think the nostalgic part of the retro workout is so fun because it takes you away from all that.

Denises 29-year-old daughter, Katie Austin, is now a fitness guru in her own right; she has her own workout programs and an active social media presence. Katie can also be seen in the new SlimFast workout video, cheerfully moving alongside her mom. Katie may be a '90s kid, but she appreciates her moms '80s legacy, and has even posted some cute TikTok videos in which she poses in Denises old workout clothes. I saved everything, explains Austin. My workout leotards, my leg warmers, everything. I'm so happy I saved them. I have duffle bags filled with all that stuff. Katie finds great joy in that.

Katie was long destined to be in the fitness industry. I have two daughters," Austin shares. "My oldest is Kelly, and she's not as interested in this; she's more spiritual and into mental health. But Katie, even when she was a little girl, like 3 years old, would stand behind the cameras, and be doing it with me. Katie pursued athletics in college before deciding she wanted to work in fitness. I'm just so proud, Austin says. I love what she's doing. When they work out together, It doesnt feel like work, and it keeps me young.

Like mother, like daughter: Katie and Denise Austin during the filming of their SlimFast workout video.Courtesy of SlimFast

Austin has done all the exercise moves you can think of but what does she like best? My all-time favorite exercise would have to be something to do with the tummy, because its the center of your whole body and your abs are what keeps your spine healthy, Austin says. Her favorite move for that area is a dance-like twist, which you can see in her early videos from the '80s. Anything with a twist, I love, she proclaims. Her least favorite move? Understandably, the tricky push-up/leap hybrids known as burpees.

Austin has always been an advocate of integrating movement into your life in a casual way, and she insists that you don't need a professional set-up to get a good workout in. I do push-ups against a kitchen counter or my dining room table," she says. "I make my life easy. I don't try to overdo anything. I try to keep the fitness part very simplified, and not overthink it. I tell people 'you could do leg lifts right in your kitchen, because your muscles don't know if you're in a fancy gym or right there in your house.'

Austin believes that hearty exercise can be incorporated into your lifestyle at any age. We're all aging, so I want people to feel as though theyre never too old to begin, she declares. There are little things that you can do that aren't that hard to make yourself feel better. A walk is a wonderful thing to do, just to get the muscles going. Shes also a passionate advocate for talking about aging in a more affirmative light: People are so worried about how they're aging," she says. "But if you change your thinking to say, Hey, I'm alive, I want to move, I want to do things, that's the way to think.

One of Austins best-known qualities is her infectious positive energy. When asked about how she remains in such an optimistic mind-frame, she explains, I am grateful every day. I truly believe in having a healthy mind and body, and I think exercise helps get rid of stress and tension. Looking back at her long career clearly provides Austin with plenty of fulfillment, too: I believe what I've been doing all these years really did pay off," she says. "When you're grateful you don't have time to be grouchy. Austin's penchant for celebrating the little wins in life and not letting the failures get to her might be genetic, as she also credits her mother for her upbeat attitude. She was always really positive and found joy in the little things in life, and I think I take after her," she muses.

While working out can be intimidating particularly if you dont do it regularly Austin believes that you shouldn't let that hold you back. Even 10 minutes of movement will help your mind and body, anything to get up and get the circulation going," she recommends. "Try not to sit for so long. Enjoy what you do, and it will never feel like you're working. Clearly, whether youre following a neon-tinged '80s workout or a minimalist modern one, the most important thing is that you take pleasure in the moves. Maybe with the right attitude, we could all feel (and look!) as good as Austin.

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Fitness Icon Denise Austin Talks '80s Aerobics and Working Out With Her Daughter - Yahoo Life

NU Pep Squad during the UAAP Season 84 Cheerdance Competition. UAAP PHOTO

MANILA, Philippines Expect another high-risk, high-reward performance from the National University Pep Squad as it seeks to regain its lost glory in the UAAP Cheerdance Competition on Saturday at Mall of Asia Arena.

After falling down to third place last May in a limited three-minute performance with just performers and without the presence of drums, NU Pep Squad coach Ghicka Bernabe said they will make the fans inside the MOA Arena dance with their cheer-obics theme cheerdance and aerobics this time.

We focused on dance this tournament. In the previous competitions we lacked in dancing but this time we exerted extra time on that. Our performance is very alive, because in cheer-obics or aerobics theres no chance to have a sad or fierce moment, said Bernabe in Filipino. The audience, not only the old ones but also the young ones, will enjoy our routine because even us, coaches, were dancing while watching them perform and hearing music from the 80s and 90s.

The NU Pep squad will perform seventh after the defending champion FEU Pep Squads Francis Magalona-themed routine.

With the league reverting to the pre-pandemic tournament format with a maximum of 25 performers and a 5-6 minutes routine including the presence of drums before a full-capacity arena, the NU coach said it will be the same fast-paced cheering squad that set the standard in the past decade, winning six of the last eight seasons.

I feel that our routine is more lively and in terms of difficulty, its still difficult and fast pacing. But I would say Im very proud of the dance segments because if they made us coaches dance it means they share their energy with the spectators. Thats the goal, we have to make the crowd dance, she said.

FILE NU coach Ghicka Bernabe.

Last May, Bernabe couldnt stop wondering about the change in the judging system as the NU PEP Squads 90s-themed routine only scored 681 points with a six-point penalty and deduction, finishing behind champion FEU Cheering Squad and runner-up Adamson Pep Squad.

In the second midseason extravaganza this year, the multi-titled coach admitted they tried to adjust their routine based on the standards of the previous season, but the team couldnt hide its fast-paced nature.

Thats why they decided to stick to their character.

We tried, we actually tried to slow down the routine and to downgrade the difficulty. You all know that I have other coaches with me, our goal right after the performance was to slow down. But in the process of doing the routine, it didnt come up, its the same NU. So we decided to stick to where NU Pep Squad is known, said Bernabe.

After failing to complete a three-peat six months ago, Bernabe said her cheerleaders are out to redeem themselves from that heartbreak with a lively routine.

Its actually heartbreaking for everyone and to motivate them is to keep the faith because, for me as their coach and their number one fan, I believe the team has become stronger. Everyone is well-bonded and I have senior members who stayed with the team because our goal is to win back the championship, Bernabe said.

We are challenged this season, we all know that we didnt land on the same spot last season but at least now we prepared well and worked really hard for this season. Praying for the best performance, she added.

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Cancun is a popular and well-loved destination for a winter getaway. With its sparkling beaches, crystal clear waters, and no shortage of high-quality, all-inclusive resorts, its no wonder as to why. With so many great resort options to choose from, you might have a hard time narrowing it down. Here are 6 all-inclusive resorts in Cancun that wont disappoint.

This gorgeous beachfront spa resort offers guests a variety of experience packages that ensure youll have the perfect vacation. Couples can look forward to offerings such as candlelight dinners, couples massages, and wine tastings. That makes this a great choice for a romantic getaway or a honeymoon. Families will enjoy the outdoor playground, complete with a splash pool and waterslides, for younger children. Older children and teens arent out of luck either. The resort also offers countless activities theyll love trying out from water polo to aquatic aerobics. One of the best things about Grand Fiesta Americana Coral Beach is without a doubt how they not only offer high-quality service but also nearly endless ways to personalize your vacation to make it fit your dreams.

Check prices at Grand Fiesta Americana Coral Beach Cancun

This stunning all-inclusive resort features a modern, avant-garde feel, as well as views of the Caribbean sea. Their all-inclusive experience includes countless, almost endless, offerings. You can look forward to choosing from one of over 20 restaurants and bars to dine from, 24-hour suite service, and nightly live entertainment.

Check prices at Atelier Playa Mujeres

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This adult-only resort is the perfect choice for those looking for relaxation during their getaway. A wide variety of amenities and activities are included with your stay. You can look forward to live entertainment such as acrobatic circus shows and mariachi bands. Amenities include a poolside bar, and enjoying a delicious meal from one of the resorts restaurants, among other things. The resort also offers some additional, optional perks, including spa treatments and private cabanas, for an additional cost as well.

Check prices at Hyatt Zilara Cancun

Hyatt Ziva is a gorgeous, all-inclusive resort. Turquoize is the adults-only area of this otherwise family-friendly resort. The resort features modern, spacious suites. Some of the suites even offer unique features such as swim up access. The resort also has no shortage of perks in its all-inclusive package. You can look forward to over a dozen bars and restaurants to choose from, 3 infinity pools, and nightly entertainment.

Check prices at Turquoize at Hyatt Ziva Cancun

This luxurious, all-suite resort has practically everything you could dream of. Their spa offers a wide variety of treatments ranging from facials to beachfront massages. When it comes to dining, Haven Riviera offers practically every experience you could want. You can enjoy casual meals at Flavours Marketplace and more formal dining at Satsu.

Check prices at Haven Riviera Cancun

Enjoy a sparkling oceanfront pool, elegant suites, and endless luxury with a stay at Le Blanc. This adults-only resort is the perfect place for a relaxing getaway. Enjoy a delicious gourmet meal at Lumiere, or a casual lunch at Pure among countless other dining options. Then, relax at Blanc Spa. Blanc Spa offers treatments such as wraps, massages, and hydrotherapy.

Check prices at Le Blanc Spa Resort

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Most women are either tied up with balancing their professional life with their personal one or are busy with never-ending household chores. Many dont even get time for themselves and indulge in activities like exercise. As they grow older and they know that their kids will do alright without them, they decide to involve in things that theyd probably never thought of. For instance, focusing on their physical fitness. The first step is to think that yes, you will start working out today. The next thing to think about is which exercises women over 60 can do!

Exercising is not easy irrespective of the age, but it can be especially intimidating for women over the age of 60 who have never worked out before. This can be especially true for those who have underlying health issues or have only led a sedentary lifestyle.

Worry not as exercising can be an incredibly beneficial and enjoyable experience. You just need to know the right approach. So, Health Shots connected with fitness trainer Varun Rattan, Co-founder of The Body Science Academy, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, to find out what women of over 60 need to keep in mind before taking up exercising.

If you are new in the world of exercising or didnt take it up as you have an interest in it then youll think of ways to skip it one or two times in a week. But its best not to do that and regularly exercise as it can help to improve physical and mental health, increase mobility, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Rattan added, It also empowers them as they can maintain their independence. Exercising also provides a sense of well-being.

Here are five most beneficial exercises women above 60 can do:

You dont have to straight away hit the gym. Senior citizens can enjoy walking, which is one of the least demanding forms of exercise, according to the expert. It is also one of the most accessible exercises, so you cant come up with an excuse not to do it.

Like to swim? Then try this. Water is known for supporting your joints, so water exercises are perfect for those with arthritis or other joint problems, said the trainer. Among various things, water aerobics help in building strength, flexibility, and balance. You can get all these benefits without putting excessive strain on your body.

Once you grow older, you might face muscle atrophy, which happens when muscles waste away.

According to Rattan, strength training one of the best methods for countering the effects of muscle atrophy in older people. It can help increase bone mineral density, insulin sensitivity, and help them manage weight.

A lot has been researched on yoga and its health benefits, and Rattan said that studies have shown that yoga can provide neurological and mental health benefits. It can also maintain physical mobility as well as functional independence in seniors.

Tai chi might look complicated as it is an internal Chinese martial art that is often practiced for defense training. But the expert said that it is one of the excellent choices for older adults who want to improve balance.

As women age, their bodies become more fragile and prone to injury. While it is important to stay active as we grow older, it is also necessary to know which exercises are a big no-no.

It demands exceptional grip in addition to strong arms, back, and legs. Finger injuries and tears in the rotator cuff and meniscus are common in rock climbing, shared Rattan.

It might cause low back pain, or might accidentally smash their knees on floor.

Theres an increased risk of tripping over the rope or suffering an ankle or knee injury or low back pain.

Repeated flexion and extension of the lumbar region can cause low back pain while performing crunches.

They put a lot of stress on the wrists and neck. Since the risk here is higher than the reward, its best to avoid it, suggested the trainer.

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5 exercises that women over 60 can safely do - Health shots

Published: 12/7/2022 6:13:28 PM

Modified: 12/7/2022 6:13:07 PM

HADLEY Signs containing narratives and graphics to inform visitors and residents about Hadley history are expected to be placed around town in the coming months.

On Tuesday, the Planning Board unanimously approved the concept for the four, 2-foot tall by 3-foot wide signs, subject to additional permission that would be granted by the Select Board and building commissioner.

Historical Commission Chairwoman Diana West explained that the signs, made from black powder coated aluminum, will provide details about a particular area of town and associated historical sites. One side will have the information in English and the other side will have the information in Spanish.

The locations chosen for the educational signs are near the Hockanum Schoolhouse on Route 47, the Goodwin Building on Middle Street in town center, the West Street Common at the Norwottuck Rail Trail and in North Hadley on the traffic island formed at Mount Warner Road and River Drive.

The idea, West said, is to have places where people will be enticed to stop and then safely pull over their vehicles to read the signs.

The project has been developed in recent years with assistance from consultant Berkshire Design Group of Northampton. While originally the commission had planned to have more signs, West said a decision was made to have a more limited scope.

In other business, the board approved signs for The Aerobics and Fitness Studio, a business that is being run by Kim Davidson at 220 Russell St., and for the Hot Table restaurant, 344 Russell St.

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Hadley to tell its history with new sign project - GazetteNET

Dementiais a debilitating disorder that can affect your cognitive abilities like memory, judgment, and thinking so severely that day-to-day activities and routines are disrupted. Dementia is a common condition and according to the World Health Organization, "Currently more than 55 million people live with dementia worldwide, and there are nearly 10 million new cases every year. Dementia results from a variety of diseases and injuries that primarily or secondarily affect the brain. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and may contribute to 60-70% of cases."

The major risk factor is age and mostly people over 65 have reason to be concerned, but that's not true in all cases. Dr. Jacob Hascalovici MD, PhD Clearing Chief Medical Officer says "People should know that dementia doesn't only affect older people. It can impact people under 65, too. Typically, it involves changes that are more pervasive and more concerning than simply forgetting a word here and there or occasionally dealing with an episode of brain fog."

Dementia isn't a normal part of aging and according to WHO, "Dementia is currently the seventh leading cause of death among all diseases and one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people globally." While there's no cure for the condition as of now, knowing the warning signs can help get treatment sooner and prolong the symptoms. Eat This, Not That! Health spoke with doctors who share what to know about dementia and signs to watch out for. Read onand to ensure your health and the health of others, don't miss these Sure Signs You've Already Had COVID.

Tomi Mitchell, a Board-Certified Family Physician with Holistic Wellness Strategies explains, "Dementia is a general term for a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life. Memory loss is an early symptom. Other early symptoms may include problems with language, disorientation (for example, getting lost), mood changes, and personality changes. As dementia progresses, symptoms can include increasing confusion and restlessness, behavioral problems such as aggressiveness and agitation, delusions and hallucinations, loss of bodily functions (such as toileting), and increasing dependency on others.

There is no one-size-fits-all approach to managing dementia, but strategies to help manage the condition include: engaging in mentally and physically stimulating activities; maintaining social and physical activity; eating a healthy diet; exercising regularly; getting enough sleep; and managing stress levels. People with dementia often require specialized care as the condition progresses. This can be provided at home, a nursing home, or another long-term care facility. There is no known cure for dementia, but treatments are available to help manage the symptoms. These include medication, cognitive stimulation therapy, and supportive care. With proper treatment and support, many people with dementia can live happy and fulfilling lives."

Dr. Hascalovici says, "Though it's difficult to predict who exactly might develop dementia, certain lifestyle habits make dementia more likely. These include regularly getting enough sleep, following an anti-inflammatory diet, maintaining a fulfilling social life, and staying physically active. In addition, the body needs a challenge every once in a while to stay healthy. That's why weights, walking, and aerobics can help so much. In a similar vein, the brain needs a regular workout, too, especially if you've recently retired or find yourself becoming bored or "spacy" a lot. You could decide to take up a new language or teach yourself a new skill, for example. Games and puzzles help, too, though their effects may not be as substantive as teaching yourself a new hobby."6254a4d1642c605c54bf1cab17d50f1e

Dr. Mitchell shares, "As our population ages, the incidence of dementia is on the rise. While there is no surefire way to prevent this degenerative disease, there are steps that can be taken to lower the risk. One of the most important things you can do is to stay mentally active. Regularly engaging in activities that challenge your mind can help to keep your brain healthy and slow the onset of dementia. Additionally, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is important. Eating a nutritious diet, exercising regularly, and managing stress can all help to reduce the risk of dementia. Finally, staying socially connected is also crucial. Isolation has been linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline, so it's important to stay engaged with family and friends. By taking these steps, you can help to lower your risk of developing dementia."

Dr. Hascalovici states, "You might cover it up or figure out ways to excuse yourself from conversations that "take a turn," but if you find yourself regularly fumbling to converse, forgetting common words and phrases, being unable to maintain concentration on a dialogue, or feeling awkward or "lost" within a conversation, it could be sign of dementia."

Dr. Mitchell adds, "Dementia is a common degenerative disease that typically affects older adults. Early symptoms of dementia can be subtle and may not be immediately apparent to family and friends. However, some warning signs can indicate the early onset of dementia. One of the most common early signs is difficulty tracking time and dates. This can manifest in forgetting the day or the inability to keep track of appointments. Another early sign of dementia is trouble keeping track of conversations. This may involve forgetting what was just said or jumping from topic to topic without any apparent connection. If you notice these or other changes in a loved one's behavior, you must see a doctor for an evaluation. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to slow the progression of dementia."

According to Dr. Hascalovici, "Dementia can impair your spatial and navigational abilities, meaning you may get lost even in places you know like the back of your hand. If you find it strangely difficult to navigate to familiar places like church, the grocery store, work, or a friend's house, it could be time to check for dementia. It may be tempting to offer excuses like "being tired" for why it's becoming tough to find your way, but catching dementia early on can slow its progress, so it's important to act fast on any hunches or suspicions."

Dr. Mitchell says, "There are several reasons someone may struggle to follow instructions or complete familiar tasks. Dementia is one possible cause, as the condition can lead to cognitive impairment and difficulty with executive functioning. Other causes of these struggles could include mental health conditions like ADHD or OCD, brain injuries, or simply getting older and experiencing age-related cognitive decline. If you are struggling in this way, it is important to talk to your doctor to rule out any underlying medical conditions. In some cases, cognitive rehabilitation and other therapy forms can help improve symptoms. However, if the cause is dementia, there is currently no cure. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the early signs of the condition so that you can seek treatment as soon as possible.

Sometimes, the problem may be that the person can no longer plan or organize their thoughts effectively. This difficulty is often related to problems with the brain's frontal lobe, which controls executive functions such as planning and decision-making. Dementia can also cause short-term memory problems, making it challenging to complete familiar tasks requiring a sequence of steps. This memory loss is typically associated with damage to the brain's temporal lobes. If you notice that someone is having difficulty completing familiar tasks, it may be a sign that they are experiencing early dementia symptoms and should be evaluated by a doctor."

Dr. Mitchell tells us, "As we age, it's normal for our memory and thinking skills to decline slowly. However, sometimes these changes can be a sign of dementia, a serious condition that causes memory loss and impairs cognitive function. If you're experiencing changes in your mood or behavior, such as increased anxiety, depression, irritability, or apathy, it may be a sign that you're developing dementia. Other early signs of the condition include difficulty planning or solving problems, trouble completing familiar tasks, and confusion about time or place. If you're concerned about your cognitive health, you must see a doctor for a comprehensive evaluation. With early diagnosis and treatment, you can slow the progression of dementia and enjoy a better quality of life.

Apathy is a state of indifference or a lack of interest or concern. It can manifest as a personal quality or an overall attitude. In either case, it represents a disengagement from life. While apathy is not inherently bad, it can be problematic when it leads to a lack of motivation or action. For older adults, apathy can be an early sign of dementia. When left unchecked, apathy can lead to social isolation and physical and mental health decline. In some cases, it may even hasten the progression of dementia. As such, loved ones need to look for signs of apathy in older adults. If you notice that someone you care about has become more withdrawn or uninterested in things they used to enjoy, don't hesitate to reach out for help. Early intervention can make a world of difference in this devastating disease.

If you notice any of these changes in yourself, don't ignore them. Talk to your doctor about getting evaluated for dementia. Early diagnosis is important because it gives you and your family time to plan for the future and access treatment and support services."

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If there could be said to be a general diagnostic problem within the reception of the death of God, it is perhaps the interconnection between its originary Nietzschean articulation and the rationalist atheism of the Enlightenment as such. It is certainly true that Nietzsche is expressing a statement of unbelief in God not entirely unlike his Enlightenment predecessors. Nietzsche, just as much as Diderot or DHolbach, dispenses with the idea of God and does so with a familiar degree of flourish and self-satisfaction. The similarities, however, end somewhere around there. Not only is what emerges from the Nietzschean articulation of atheism a different sort of discourse, but it is also a discourse that will find itself establishing and even cultivating an antagonism to its rationalist corollary, not to mention generating its own internal genealogical lines and maneuvers. Here, I would like to outline what I take to be a secret history of the Nietzschean form of the death of God, one that runs beneath and counter to its dominant form, which runs rather straightforwardly from Nietzsche to Heidegger. It is this pedigree that elides the death of God with the foreclosure of Western metaphysics, the prestige of which has been received warmly by both atheistic and Christian post-Heideggeriansa rhapsodizing for which, in my opinion, the bloom is long off the rose.

Yet rather than play to my worse angels, I will defer my castigation of this line of thought for another time. Here, my focus is on Nietzsches afterlives, and it must begin with a return to the phenomenon of Nietzsche, to Nietzsche as phenomenon, to Nietzsche as navel, to borrow an image from Freuds interpretation of dreams. What I hope to show is that Heideggers reception of Nietzsche is just one such reception in the early twentieth century and it is both the less interesting and less intellectually viable one, at least (and this is me being modest) for religious forms of thought. The reception of Nietzsche that interests me is the one enacted first by French Surrealism and later by French traditions of Freudian thoughta distinction that is real but less than absolutewhich bequeaths to subsequent French and French-styles of philosophical thought a Nietzsche that is more wild, libidinal, and manicand less fascistthan the one we find in Heidegger. What is at issue in the individuation of Nietzschean genealogies is the role and place of pathos. It is pathos that effectively demarcates Nietzsche from rationalist atheism, and it is the modulation of pathos that continues to mark traces within this secret history. It is also pathos that invites the application of psychoanalytic terminology, which will come largely from Freuds famous essay Mourning and Melancholia, in order to map this terrain as well as to come to some degree of constructive engagement with Christianity. It is through a Freudian lens that we not only see Nietzsche best but also through which we can establish the categories that identify what is common to both these forms of the death of God and even the most mainline forms of redial Christianity.

Fundamental to Freuds Traumdeutung is what he calls the dreams navel, the point in the dream which refuses interpretation and knowledge of it end, the spot where it reaches down into the unknown. To treat Nietzsche as both navel and phenomenon is not to speak out of both sides of my mouth: Nietzsche figures within the properly phenomenological field of appearance as the impenetrable point at which atheism reaches down into its own unknown, the point that refuses rational appropriation, the point at which rationalist atheism loses its bearing in the face of the tremendum of what cannot in principle be known. Thus, the point cannot be that Nietzsche is an atheist but rather the operation of what he does to atheism, to unbelief. My claim is that Nietzsche is the first to transform utterly unbelief by the investment of pathos into it, and, moreover, to foreclose the drole haughtiness of Enlightenment rationalism, and it is from here that we can go back and retrieve other forms of unbelief to identify their pathologies. Within this genealogical line, the recovery of a pathologized Hegel is paramount.

Nietzsche is the first, in Terry Eagletons words, to confront . . . the terrifying, exhilarating consequences of the death of God.[1] That is, it is Nietzsche who is the first to see the death of God not as the conclusion of an argument, but as a premise. It is for this reason that Nietzsche could be considered the first real atheist. Thus, the transmutation of mere unbelief into (Nietzschean) atheism represents the normalization and regularization of a pathological attitude towards the determinations of truth. In the Genealogy of Morals, for instance, Nietzsche describes atheism as an awe-inspiring catastrophe, the outcome of a two-thousand-year training in truthfulness, which finally forbids itself the lie in the belief in God.[2] The atheist, then, is not one who merely rejects belief in God, but is rather the one who denies herself the luxury of supernatural comfort. Atheism, for Nietzsche, is a form of self-denial rather than affirmation, giving structure and character to his program of philosophical askesis on the whole.

If such real atheism finds its origin with Nietzsche, it is only through structurally similar transformations that original formulations of true atheism are produced. That is, if a new formulation of atheism is to surpass rationalist mere unbelief, it must pass through this Nietzschean manifold in which it is divested of its rational justification and becomes invested with pathos. Paul Ricoeur argues for a reading of Freud as precisely within the Nietzschean genealogical project, one in which the analysis of the illusion at work in religion consists in discovering in the hidden movements of consciousness the source of an illusion whose function is myth-making.[3] Freuds contribution to the Nietzschean project is nothing less than a new type of this criticism.[4]

Following Ricoeur, Lonergan writes, Freuds originalitythe originality of Freudian atheismis that his atheism is not just another instance of philosophical atheism or scientific positivism, but of an interpretation of personal experience.[5] There Lonergan identifies the way in which Freud brings atheism under the mantle of personal experience, such that atheism is no longer the conclusion to a logical argument, but is rather an outcome of self-reflection, a self-reflection that is opened up to and complicated by the discovery of the unconscious. In any case, both Ricoeur and Lonergan recognize the legitimacy of the psychoanalytic reading of religion, not on the grounds that its judgment is final, but rather because the critique is incomplete. What is more, Lonergan continues, this incompleteness itself must be addressed, as in the past Freud has reinforced the faith of unbelievers, so that in the future he may be used to reinforce the faith of believers.[6]

It is this mode of reinforcement of the faith of believers that I am trying to pinpoint. Following Ricoeur and Lonergan, we can consider Freuds atheism as a development within the pathology of Nietzschean atheism insofar as it formalizes the identification of God as being on the side of the transfiguration of the image of the Father,[7] that is, as being genetically implicated in the traumatic economy of the Father, mythologized as the murder of the primal father and pathologized as a consequence of the process of repression.[8] In short, Freud enables us to see atheism itself as a symptom of the repression of paternal trauma. The matter of repression links Nietzsche to Freud, but where Nietzsche advocates for the virtues of that repression in the form of an active forgetfulness, Freud will caution us against it with the reminder that what is repressed always returns. On a Nietzschean account, the death of God is the traumatic event par excellence and it is thus the supreme achievement of the active will to have forgotten it.

The fundamental difference between Nietzsche and Freud on this point is that Freud locates the death of God in the order of primordial repression (Ur-Verdrngung), that is, in Slavoj ieks words, not as a repression of some content into the unconscious, but a repression constitutive of the unconscious, the gesture which creates the very space of the unconscious.[9] In other words, God survives Gods death but only in the unconscious register of repression as the fundament of prohibition as such. Thus, the configuration of Freud and Nietzsche is properly dialectical insofar as Freuds recognition of the genius of Nietzsches pathologization of atheism surpasses the Nietzschean frame precisely by taking it beyond the strictures of the active and conscious will. At the same time, however, Freud gives us the means to pathologize attitudes towards atheism, such that the notion of active forgetting is not merely a concession to Gods revenant existence in and as repression, but also as the expression of an unconscious grief, which for Freud will manifest itself as melancholic or mournfulthat is, as confronting a loss that is either pathologically incomprehensible or consciously accepted and integrated.

In the post-Freudian era, the reception of Freuds understanding of the death of God and its implicit connection to the primordial murder of the primal Father is destabilized in the thought of Jacques Lacan. What is mainly in question for Lacan is the effectiveness of the death of God in forestalling a divine post-mortem existence for God. Or, to put it otherwise, the question is whether a genealogical critique of religion, be it in a historicist or psychoanalytic mode, is sufficient for the task of articulating an affirmation of atheism at all, especially if that form of atheism coextends with the death of God. Lacan will argue that it is not. What Freud fails to see in his own theory is that the death of God fundamentally contradicts atheism; Freuds discovery of the unconscious was likewise the discovery of the very means by which God covertly continues to enjoy a posthumous life. Nietzsches exclusive focus on the conscious, active will likewise implies that the paternal trauma of the death of God cannot be properly identified and integrated, which casts the entire Nietzschean project as melancholic, as a sustained failure to confront the immensity of the loss that Gods death truly represents.

The true formula of atheism is not that God is dead, Lacan will claim, but rather that God is unconscious, though God is not the unconscious or a projection of the collective unconscious, as Jung says in his work on Job. That God is unconscious does not pertain to belief but is rather a recognition of how beliefs are unconsciously structured. Thus, atheism can rid itself of God only at the level of conscious intentionality in the mode of repression. That is, if God is unconscious is the true formula of atheism, then the entire horizon of atheism must be redrawn, and redrawn in such a way as to include God within it. Thus, Lacan presents a vision of atheism in which coexistence with and co-affirmation of God is its only viable avenue, yet at the same time he identifies it with the theological task per se. As Lacan says in Seminar XX, it is the theologian, the only true atheist, who speaks Gods words, and does so without fear of Gods continuing to speak from exile in and through human language, even or especially in the pronouncement of Gods death.

In other words, atheism, like theology, is limited not only to God but also by God insofar as God subsists in the very structure and structuration of belief. Lacans contribution to atheism, then, is a way out of melancholia, a means to confront and identify with the loss announced by the death of God. In short, it is to make atheism into a mode of mourning. From the Christian vantage, I want to insist that we at the very least try to see a kinship. Both atheism of this sort and Christian theology of any sort can be seen as what Freud calls Trauerarbeit, the work of mourning. Christians are baptized into the death of Christ who is and was and will be God; we commemorate and sustain ourselves by his death in the Eucharist; we appeal to his death for the forgiveness of sins, and so forth. What else could our soteriology, liturgical theology and practice, and even our trinitarian theology be if not the work of mourning? For both the Christian and the atheist, God survives Gods own death. For us, granted, that death is sweetened, even sublated, by resurrection and the hope of eternal life, but does (or should) theology ever cease to be done for the sake of his sorrowful passion? Does theology ever cease to be the work of confronting the loss represented in the Cross, even if (or especially if) it is regained beyond measure in Gods saving work? As Slavoj iek has rightly pointed out, it is the atheist who very often shares more profoundly in Christs exclamation de profundis of godforsakenness, even if we insist, and I think we must, that it is atheism that has left those depths unplumbed. The threat to atheism is not belief in the same way that the threat to belief is not unbelief, but is rather to give our grief over to melancholia, to refuse the hard work of identifying with a God who has died, to see only absence or presence when in fact there is both.

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It has become terribly fashionable to lament the ongoing existence of Andrew Tate. For the blessed minority who still know nothing of this peculiar man, catapulted to fame by the invisible hand of social media only then to get slammed by the iron fist of Big Tech, the following details should be more than enough.

Born in Luton, England, Tate made his millions as a pornographer and casino tycoon in Romania. Before the financial success and his ascent to global stardom as a machismo, outspoken guru offering life advice to young men on TikTok, Tate enjoyed an impressive career as a kick-boxer. The fighting spirit, the fast cars, and the flamboyant entourage of scantily clad women are all a key part of Tates image, but thanks to his relentless self-promotion and his addiction to courting controversy with intemperate remarks, this post-modern King Solomon is now infamous throughout the world. Content posted under the hashtag #AndrewTate has been watched more than 13 billion times and counting. He is on record as having said all sorts of things which have made him, in many ways justifiably, persona non grata. A lot of it is just oh look at how edgy I am locker-room talk: women cant drive, wives are their husbands property, etc. At other times, it gets much darker. Its bang out the machete, boom in her face and grip her by the neck. Shut up bitch! Tate shouts in one video, talking about how he would react to a woman if she accused him of cheating.

It is not always clear when Tate is actually being himself and when he is, rather, amusing himself. Particularly in an appearance on the Your Moms House Podcast, he seemed to shift from impassioned, even intelligent diatribe on serious subjects at some junctures, to breaking character at others. Often, after an especially grotesque comment, ill-disguised laughter (perhaps even caused by his own cartoonish alter-ego) would get the better of Tate. Are we always seeing the real man? His critics do not care. Still less are they interested to learn whether, buried deep beneath the obnoxious, shock-jock bravado, Tate might have some valuable things to say. Back in August, the social media giants caved to the squawking, intolerant wokesters. Tate was banned by Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok.

As will be apparent, Tate has very little time for political correctness. He often serves, therefore, as a strong defence against the continued spread of harmful but fashionable orthodoxies. He objects to the way in which the feminization of men has weakened the backbone of the West and made the inhabitants of decadent, advanced democracies more vulnerable to top-down control and social engineering. He encourages young men to be aspirational, enterprising, and independent-minded. It is no real surprise that such basic messages should resonate in a modern culture which, at least according to the ascendant narrative, demands that menmany of whom feel neglected, apathetic, even invisibleapologize for their apparent privileges and prostrate themselves before the altar of social justice. Tate, by contrast, calls on men to take up the struggle of an adventurous life. By his reckoning, that means shunning petty mandates, making loads of money, and striving for masculine excellence. He also boasts the virtue of being, at least on occasion, somewhat funny.

But this man is not just a jacked Jordan Peterson, only lacking the degrees and sporting a skinhead. He has said some grotesque things. For example: The reason 18 and 19 year old [girls] are more attractive than 25 year old girls is because theyve been through less d**k. True enough, in most cultures throughout history, virginity has been highly valued. In this sense, Tates statement can be interpreted as a uniquely revolting way of stating a basic principle of social conservatism: that women should prize their sexuality enough to save it, rather than degrading themselves by lowering the standards a man must meet to obtain it. According to Tate, it is not righteous, still less attractive, for a young lady to have had countless sexual partners.

But why should this standard apply only to women? Tates own definition of the good, by which he claims to live, reads more like an ode to licentiousness: I think righteousness is living true to your heart, and doing good by people, not snaking anybody, not lying to anybody. On what grounds, then, does Tate condemn women for acting in a promiscuous fashion? Living true to your heart provides no sound basis for condemning female sexual vice as Tate routinely does. If Tate is righteous for living true to his heart, and his heart rules that sleeping with scores of women is not only permissible but a testament to his masculine vigour, then why should the same not also hold for these women themselves? Moreover, Tates virile, liberated ideal of manliness, according to which self-restraint and Christian gentility are thrown in the bin, really depends on the ready availability of fallen women. On Tates own criteria, how else can a man be great if not by treating women as trophies to be collected? And yet, again according to Tates criteria, for a woman to reduce herself to a trophy, an accessory that testifies to the sexual conquests of men like Tate, is for her to lose her value. For one sex to be virtuous, the other must be drenched in vice.

Tate would probably reply that, while high-value men should be free to sleep around, they are entitled to expect perfect monogamy from their women. As such, there is no real contradiction between the male pursuit of excellence through sexual prowess and the female virtue involved in remaining loyal and self-restrained. Tates ideal man can have sex with countless women without making them into sluts, so long as these women are bound exclusively to him.

This is not a convincing escape. First, Tate has openly boasted about engaging in one-night stands. Does he really expect that these lucky ladies, the vast majority of whom never hear from him again, will for monogamys sake withdraw from the sexual arena following this single encounter? In reality, the more Andrew Tates there are in the world, the more promiscuous women will be needed to fuel their profligate lifestyles. The cancelled social media star is a leading manufacturer of dissolute hoes, yet goes around identifying as righteous and presuming to tell the rest of us, as if we did not already know, that there is nothing more beautiful than a modest, devoted, self-respecting lady.

Second, there is also a public interest in sexual relationsa fact which Tate, oddly enough, has at other times acknowledged. A culture that embraces enforced monogamy will, ceteris paribus, produce the optimal conditions in which to raise children. But in order to perform its proper social function, enforced monogamy must work both ways. Tates liberal critics, therefore, are mistaken in condemning him from the clichd angle that maximal sexual autonomy is great, but should be embraced by women as much as men. Conservatives have a stronger retort: monogamy is desirable for collective social flourishing and must therefore make a claim on everyone, including the men who may otherwise be tempted to become indulgent, serial playboys like Andrew Tate. Meanwhile, on Piers Morgan Uncensored, Tate hinted that he secretly has numerous wives. He certainly keeps a string of sexual lovers. Such polygamy, practised on a societal scale, is profoundly destabilizing.

Tate calls himself a libertarian, so he regards individual freedom as the ultimate value in political, social, and moral life. But there is in fact a strong Nietzschean side to Tates understanding of liberty, for he equates freedom not only with the absence of external constraint, but with the cultivation of knightly-aristocratic virtues which facilitate the maximal exercise of individual power. If Tate were a literary genius, he might give the following list of the keys to virtue: powerful physical development, a richness and even superabundance of health, together with what is necessary for maintaining life, on war, adventure, the chase, the dance, the tourneyon everything, in fact, which involves strong, free and joyous action. Tate would only add sex and perhaps even threesomes to Nietzsches catalogue of strong, free, and joyous activities. The odd bit comes when Tate attempts to unify this heroic, individualistic philosophy of personal salvation with a traditionalist take on sexual ethics, though of course men are exempt from the strictly monogamous standards which he believes women alone should apply to their own sexual behaviour. We may regard Tate, then, as an entertaining, unlikely mix of Ayn Rand, Lord Byron, and Mary Whitehouse. Tates recent conversion to Islam further complicates the picture. The strange move may be sincere, but there are many who suspect, given his track record, that it is little more than an attempt to put a divine sheen on his polygamous incontinence.

The sexual revolution, it seems, has created two male types. There is of course a varied spectrum, but young men increasingly tend in one of two directions. They either become so-called incels (shorthand for involuntary celibates), frothing with such resentment at their circumstances that they only make themselves further undesirable to women, or they are made into ultra-proud, promiscuous hedonists. Resentment should never be encouraged. The incels should look inwardly for solutions to their sexual failure before scapegoating the women who are repulsed by or indifferent to their existence. Still, there is a sense in which the second type of man, who triumphs where the first type abjectly loses, makes life harder than it needs to be for these incels.

Sexual liberation has turned dating from a respectful game of courtship, with established patterns of conduct, into a loveless, toxic blood-sport. A culture that prizes the norm of one man and one woman creates rotten conditions for the libertine scoundrel, but it does also discipline the male instinct for aggression by giving every man a reasonable chance in the sexual sweepstakes. In our semi-polygamous society, meanwhile, the overdose of sexual freedom means the fact that eighty per cent of the women pursue just twenty per cent of the men makes practically everyone miserable and unfulfilled. These men are under no cultural pressure to pick just one woman wisely and devote the rest of their lives to her happiness. Liberated as these new men are, they can pick as many as they choose. Following in the footsteps of Andrew Tate, they will then boast endlessly about their high body counts.

This does three things. First, it leads to despair among the vast majority of men who must live without female attention. Second, it makes the tiny minority of successful men develop a cynical attitude to women, whom they will now forever associate with ease and sensation. Finally, it deludes many women into believing that, just because they can command the attention of a high value man for a single evening, they will also be able to command that attention long enough for what began as casual sex to blossom into a loyal, flourishing relationship. The bottom eighty per cent of men will thus continue to be neglected, as the majority of women are too busy trying to tame the very men who have profited most from sexual liberation and are therefore least likely to give up the narcotic of promiscuous gratification. The ideal of the strong Christian gentleman and the old belief in enforced monogamy were thrown out as patriarchal constructs in the 1960s. Andrew Tate is our punishment.

Still, somewhere behind Tates impressive bodily frame and jock bravado, there is a sound social conservative trying to get out. I believe in family, I believe in children, he says on Piers Morgans show. But these obvious goods require restraint and sacrifice on the part of fathers at least as much, if not more, as they demand virtue of mothers. Tate preaches old-fashioned sexual ethics to the women of this world, yet encourages men to combine a Nietzschean drive towards master morality with the hollow, playboy hedonism of Hugh Hefner. No wonder there are now swathes of unsatisfied women. Given the importance of boundless pleasure to the few men who thrive in our mad-max sexual dystopia, those who can find a loving, committed boyfriend, still less a husband, willing to give her undivided romantic love and erotic attention, are dwindling in number.

Still, it is no good criticizing Tate out of resentment. I have mentioned Nietzsche, one of Christianitys most challenging critics in the history of thought. The German philosopher argued famously that the religion of faith, hope, and charity triumphed not through the influence of the Holy Spirit, but due to a cunning psychological trick played by the weak against the strong. The wretched slaves of pagan antiquity, claimed Nietzsche, found in Christianity a universal ethic which not only sanctified their lowly, pathetic condition, but could be weaponized against domineering, would-be Caesars. For this reason, Nietzsche believed the animating emotion of Christianity to be not love, but ressentiment. One of the most gripping ideas to emerge from this polemic is the sense that it is at best suspect and at worst invalid for us to condemn an act if we are physically or spiritually incapable of performing it ourselves. After all, without this test, it is impossible to know whether we condemn it out of genuine outrage or wounded envy. No doubt there are today many men jumping on the bandwagon to attack Tate less out of principle than an agonizing sense of jealousy.

Nietzsche was correct to identify the ways in which cowardice and resentment often cloak themselves in the more illustrious colours of high-minded moral judgement. Kant had said ought implies can to emphasize the fact that a system of ethics must be built on the presupposition of free will or risk incoherence. Nietzsche then came along to add, in effect, that ought not implies could. A truly virtuous form of masculinity would involve men becoming capable of imitating Andrew Tate and then willingly refusing to do so. For what could be less admirable than a man who makes hateful, performative utterances about the villain in the company of others while living vicariously through his exploits in his own daydreams?

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