Do you remember the people who criticise you?

Or you care aboutjust the criticism and take corrective measures if you think you can improve?

Its a Who Vs. What question.

Now think about this: if you remember the people who criticise you, your natural inclination will be to win over their hearts and do the things to please them.

When you do something to please someone, your act gets biased. Your such act willmake you stressful. Is such an act worth practicing?You know the answer.

But if you listen to just the criticism to understand the critics point of view, and if you are convinced, take corrective measures for improvement, the scenario changes.

When it comes to dealing with criticism, What matters more than Who.

Dont think of critics. Fix the act that caused criticism (or ignore it if you dont care).

Think of people you love your friends;yourfamily;your kids;your spouse (if you still love her, or him)

Thats much better use of the most scarce resource you have your remaining time in this world.

Some people live their lives thinking that they have unlimited time in this world. Thats not true.Your time is limited. Herere the 7 most common deathbed regrets. Not worth having for sure.

Do something that gives you happiness. Learn from the criticism but to hell with the critics. You better do it!

A coach saw five of the interns practicing software engineering. When they took a break, the coach asked the interns, Why do you write code?

The first intern replied, Coding is an in-demand, high paying career. Im glad that I will not have to do the clerical work that some of my school friends are doing in their jobs.

The coach praised the intern, saying, Youre a smart engineer. When you will gain more experience, you wont have to worry about coaching like I do.

The second intern replied, I love the constructs, structures and even more important, the business impact that my code would create.

The coach praised him, Your senses are active and you see more than many others. Good for your career.

The third intern replied, When I write the code, I feel so content that I am creating something useful for the people who would use the app.

The coach gave praise to the third intern, Your mind will easily grasp the programming techniques of today and future and make you a competent programmer.

The fourth intern answered, As I write the code, I create a systematic something that will make peoples lives better.

The coach was pleased and said, You are riding on the golden path which will offer you win-win and favorable situations in your life.

The fifth intern replied, I write code to write code.

The coach went and sat at the feet of the fifth intern and said, I am your student. Will you choose to be my coach?

Jack puts in a lot of time to learn the techniques.

Hes a technique-biased learner. If you access his Dropbox folder called To Learn, you will see notes like this:

Lots of how-tos

The problem with this approach is that they are good to read but dont always work as-is.

They need to be contextually modified to suit the specific needs.

Focusing merely on techniques is a great waste because it is not difficult to be good at a subject if we really choose to be.

We can be good at ANY subject if we choose to deal with an uncertain next and failures and frustration and the mess.

The problem is, we dont want to take ownership to be good at something unless we find out that it is possible to for us to be good at that thing.

We expect others to coach us to be good at something while we do other stuff like updating facebook status, playing mobile games, attending a friends sisters husbands uncles daughters neighbours birthday party or doing something else.

We want to be good at something while doing other stuff. Doing other stuff means our attention is divided and we are not 100% committed to be good at something.

What if we create a culture where the focus is on buying and selling ownership.

When we sell ownership, we have delegated a specific project or a task to a dependable person and that person has owned it.

Such a trade of ownership actually makes people choosing themselves.

A learner who chooses herself is unstoppable.

Sure, it takes some time to get used to the uncomfortable situations that the trade of ownership puts you in but once got, itworks as an extremely powerful tool.

Successful cultures practice trading of ownership. Successful individuals too.

What do you want to do?

When Simba, the Lion, didnt know that a circus was a possible home for him, his life was different.

He had so much freedom, many opportunities, and so much choice.

He was wired to lead. He was wired to roar.He was wired to kill.

Kill like a Lion.

Then came circus. And the ringmaster.

Initially, Simba didnt like the circusbut eventually he compromised and surrendered himself.

If he would do exactly as the ringmaster asked him to do, he would get a piece of meat.

If he would refuse to do as the ringmaster asked him to do, he will have to sleep hungry.

If hed do what the ringmaster wanted even without asking, he would get one more piece of meat.

Following the ringmasters orders was a better deal.

So he rewired himself to listen to and followthe ringmasters orders.

He was now an integral part of the circus.

His life became easy. Follow the orders and get the food. On some days, he would be allowed to have sex with the lioness who used to stay in a nearby cage.

Simba thought to himself, Life at circus is not bad at all. I get the food without having to kill anyone and I get to spend some good time with the lioness I developed a crush on.

As the years passed, Simba thought that the ringmaster was his true master and if he would please him, his life would continue to be easy.

Everything worked well for several years, but one day, for some reason, the circus owner decided to close the circus down.

The circus owner was happy with Simba. He thought at this point, rather than selling him to another circus, he would send him back to his real home, into the wild.

And he did it.

That day was difficult for Simba. There was no ringmaster. No shows. No noise of people applauding Simbas performance. There was no food at his fingertips.

Simba was hungry and he had to arrange for his food on his own.

But he didnt feel like home. The wild was perhaps too wild for him. He didnt want to stay there anymore. He needed to be with a circus. Any circus.

He sat under a tree thinking, It would be great if I find another circus. I want someone to come and take me to the circus again

He was the Lion. The King. Yet he needed a place to hold him, a spot where he didnt have to assume the responsibility.

If he would work with a circus, hed get food, sex and sense of safety.

Simba was no longer a Lion. His habits were changed. Sure, he looked like a Lion but didnt remain one. He could roar, but he could not choose.

Why wasnt he a Lion anymore? Did he forget hunting?

No.

But after living a passive life with the circus and after following orders from the ringmaster, he forgot to choose himself.

Simba hadnt read James Altuchers book Choose Yourself. Especially the page #4 which goes as below:

Thats when it clicked. When everything changed. When I realized that nobody else was going to do it for me. If I was going to thrive, to survive, I had to choose myself. In every way.

~James Altucher, Choose Yourself, pg #4

If you are a Lion, then you hunt. You dont ridicule yourself by following orders of the ringmasters.

If you are a programmer, then you program. You dont fool yourself by copy/pasting code from stakeoverflow.comand call yourself a Programmer.

Hunt every day. Program every day. Keep your reflexes sharpened. Read Choose Yourself from James Altucher today and be a real Lion who leads the wild, not just Simba.

Or go in search of a circus.

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Self-Help Zen - Pragmatic Tips for Effective Living

Fri, April 10, 2009 - 7:56 PM

I had a very long phone conversation with Alan's daughter shortly after he died. She spoke fondly of his suggestion about returning though now in 2009, her red haired daughter would be over 30. Ironically I am now the same age as he was at his death, but at that time I was only 23 and having followed his career closely for several years, wondered out loud about a conspiracy to be rid of him because of his late forays into the politics of that time. I remember he had been scheduled to speak in Germany at an Army intelligence base shortly before his death and had also spoken (while the war in Vietnam was still an issue and he was quite vocal about that too, participating in benefits for North Vietnamese schools or hospitals, but also supporting Tibet against China, as i recall). Most pointedly, he spoke to more than one military group (i recall he was invited to speak more than once he never held back in his strong opinions) and he wrote some very powerful articles and essays, some collected in the book, Does It Matter, the essay on money being the most relevant today. In this book he said that if the USA still exists as a separate and distinct entity by the year 2000, we are all in big trouble. Although it isclear his health was not good at all at this time, I also remember very clearly seeing a young Senator (during the Watergate hearings of the same period) from Connecticut, Lowell Weicker, then on the Senate Watergate Committee, televised daily. I remember clearly watching him hold up a futuristic dart gun that he described as capable of shooting tiny thin needles from a great distance that would carry a tiny amount of caryfish serum extract capable of causing heart failure from a distance with no trace of the thin puncture or the poison in the bloodstream. He explained that there were gallons of this serum in Langley, Virginia headquarters of the CIA, contrary to treaties about biological warfare. This is what led me to wonder, in the face of some radical political statements and standpoints by Alan Watts, if there was not some kind of mischief in his death, not forgeting this was not long after the suspicious deaths of MLK Jr., RFK, and other counter culture heroes, and not long before John Lennon was shot in a fashion much like RFK, in the open but by a suspicously programmable person. His poor health and drinking convince us it was a natural failure of his health, and it could well be that is all it was.

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The Death of Alan Watts - Alan Watts - tribe.net

Amazon.com Review

Historically speaking, new worldviews have been responsible for causing major social transformations, says futurist Barbara Marx Hubbard. It occurred in the Renaissance when the idea of progress through knowledge was born. It happened in the United States when the principles of democracy and freedom became institutions. "Now once again a new world view is arising," writes Hubbard. "This idea is the culmination of all human history. It holds the promise of fulfilling the great aspirations of the past and heralds the advent of the next phase of our evolution. It is the idea of conscious evolution."

Human beings have now gained the ability to shape their own evolution, explains Hubbard, and therefore the next world task is to become conscious of this power and guide the earth and all its inhabitants into survival and fulfillment of our potential. Born out of the new spirituality, which began as a path toward self- awareness, but has quickly spread into a "social potential movement," Hubbard predicts that the ideology of "conscious evolution" will be seen as a pivotal turning point in human history, leading us into an era of heightened creativity, environmental accountability, and spiritual development.

Her message is steeped in intelligent writing and persuasive research. But most enticing, she writes as an optimist as well as a visionary. Rather than buy into the "old story" of imminent self-destruction, Hubbard sees the potential for humanity to create a "new story" that melds all our advances--spiritual, scientific, and social--into a glorious vision for the future. --Gail Hudson

Conscious Evolution comes under the heading of millennium books. As Hubbard describes, "It sets forth a vision of the vast transformational enterprise of the next millennium, and it seeks to discover the design of evolution inherent in all nature with which we can consciously cooperate to guide our actions. " She continues by describing how we can make a conscious transition from high technology, polluting and overpopulation to a system that fulfills our potential. In precise detail she reports where we've been, where we are, and where we're going. It's a positive book-one about doing There's a chapter on what we can do now and how to accomplish it. The last portion of the book has names, addresses and descriptions of resources to implement that action. The writing is simple and coherent and even with all the myriad pieces from government to spiritual, she brings it together in one seamless fit. -- From Independent Publisher

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About the Author

Napoleon Hill was the world-renowned bestselling author of Think and Grow Rich.

Meet the most important living person!

Somewhere in this book you will meet him -- suddenly, surprisingly and with a shock of recognition that will change your whole life. When you do meet him, you will discover his secret. You will discover that he carries with him an invisible talisman with the initials PMA emblazoned on one side, and NMA on the other.

This invisible talisman has two amazing powers: it has the power to attract wealth, success, happiness and health; and it has the power to repel these things -- to rob you of all that makes life worth living. It is the first of these powers, PMA, that enables some men to climb to the top and stay there. It is the second that keeps other men at the bottom all their lives. It is NMA that pulls other men down from the top when they have reached it.

Perhaps the story of S. B. Fuller will illustrate how it works.

"We are poor -- not because of God." S. B. Fuller was one of seven children of a Negro tenant farmer in Louisiana. He started to work at the age of five. By the time he was nine, he was driving mules. There was nothing unusual in this: the children of most of the tenant farmers went to work early. These families accepted poverty as their lot and asked for no better.

Young Fuller was different from his friends in one way: he had a remarkable mother. His mother refused to accept this hand-to-mouth existence for her children, though it was all she had ever known. She knew there was something wrong with the fact that her family was barely getting along in a world of joy and plenty. She used to talk to her son about her dreams.

"We shouldn't be poor, S.B.," she used to say. "And don't ever let me hear you say that it is God's Will that we are poor. We are poor -- not because of God. We are poor because Father has never developed a desire to become rich. No one in our family has ever developed a desire to be anything else."

No one had developed a desire to be wealthy. This idea became so deeply ingrained in Fuller's mind that it changed his whole life. He began to want to be rich. He kept his mind on the things he did want and off the things he didn't want. Thus he developed a burning desire to become rich. The quickest way to make money, he decided, was to sell something. He chose soap. For twelve years he sold it, door to door. Then he learned that the company which supplied him was going to be sold at auction. The firm price was $150,000. In twelve years of selling and setting aside every penny, he had saved $25,000. It was agreed that he would deposit his $25,000 and obtain the balance of $125,000 within a ten-day period. Written into the contract was the condition that if he did not raise the money, he would lose his deposit.

During his twelve years as a soap salesman, S. B. Fuller had gained the respect and admiration of many businessmen. He went to them now. He obtained money from personal friends, too, and from loan companies and investment groups. On the eve of the tenth day, he had raised $115,000. He was $10,000 short.

Search for the light. "I had exhausted every source of credit I knew," he recalls. "It was late at night. In the darkness of my room I knelt down and prayed. I asked God to lead me to a person who would let me have the $10,000 in time. I said to myself that I would drive down 61st Street until I saw the first light in a business establishment. I asked God to make the light a sign indicating His answer."

It was eleven o'clock at night when S. B. Fuller drove down Chicago's 61st Street. At last, after several blocks he saw a light in a contractor's office.

He walked in. There, seated at his desk, tired from working late at night, sat a man whom Fuller knew slightly. Fuller realized that he would have to be bold.

"Do you want to make $1,000?" asked Fuller straight out.

The contractor was taken aback at the question. "Yes," he said. "Of course."

"Then make out a check for $10,000 and when I bring back the money, I'll bring back another $1,000 profit," Fuller recalls telling this man. He gave the contractor the names of the other people who had lent him money, and explained in detail exactly what the business venture was.

Let's explore his secret of success. Before he left that night, S. B. Fuller had a check for $10,000 in his pocket. Subsequently he obtained controlling interest not only in that company, but in seven others, including four cosmetic companies, a hosiery company, a label company, and a newspaper. When we asked him recently to explore with us the secret of his success, he answered in terms of his mother's statement so many years before:

"We are poor -- not because of God. We are poor because Father has never developed a desire to become rich. No one in our family has ever developed a desire to be anything else."

"You see," he told us, "I knew what I wanted, but I didn't know how to get it. So I read the Bible and inspirational books for a purpose. I prayed for the knowledge to achieve my objectives. Three books played an important part in transmuting my burning desire into reality. They were: (1) the Bible, (2) Think and Grow Rich, and (3) The Secret of the Ages. My greatest inspiration comes from reading the Bible.

"If you know what you want, you are more apt to recognize it when you see it. When you read a book, for example, you will recognize opportunities to help you get what you want."

S. B. Fuller carried with him the invisible talisman with the initials PMA imprinted on one side and NMA on the other. He turned the PMA side up and amazing things happened. He was able to bring into reality ideas that were formerly mere daydreams.

Now the important thing to notice here is that S. B. Fuller started life with fewer advantages than most of us have. But he chose a big goal and headed for it. Of course, the choice of goal was individual. In these times and in this country you still have your personal right to say: "This is what I choose. This is what I want most to accomplish." And unless your goal is against the laws of God or society, you can achieve it. You have everything to gain and nothing to lose by trying. Success is achieved and maintained by those who keep trying with PMA.

What you try for is up to you. Not everyone would care to be an S. B. Fuller, responsible for large manufacturing concerns. Not everyone would choose to pay the costly price of being a great artist. To many, the riches of life are quite different. A skill in day-to-day living which adds up to a happy, love-filled life is success. You can have this and other riches, too. The choice is yours.

But whether success to you means becoming rich as it did to S. B. Fuller, or the discovery of a new element in chemistry, or the creation of a piece of music, or the growing of a rose, or the nurturing of a child -- no matter what success means to you -- the invisible talisman with the initials PMA emblazoned on one side and NMA on the other can help you achieve it. You attract the good and desirable with PMA. You repel them with NMA.

Every adversity has the seed of an equivalent or greater benefit. "But what if I have a physical handicap? How can a change of attitude help me?" you may ask. Perhaps the story of Tom Dempsey, a boy who was disabled at birth, will give you your answer.

Tom was born without half a right foot and only a stub of a right arm. As a boy, he wanted to engage in sports as the other boys did. He had a burning desire to play football. Because of this desire, his parents had an artificial foot made for him. It was made of wood. The wooden foot was encased in a special stubby football shoe. Hour after hour, day after day, Tom would practice kicking the football with his wooden foot. He would try and keep on trying to make field goals at greater and greater distances. He became so proficient that he was hired by the New Orleans Saints.

The screams of 66,910 football fans could be heard throughout the entire United States when, within the last two seconds of the game, Tom Dempsey -- with his crippled leg -- kicked a record-breaking 63-yard field goal. It was the longest field goal ever kicked in a professional football game. It gave the Saints a winning score of 19-17 over the Detroit Lions.

"We were beaten by a miracle," said Detroit coach Joseph Schmidt. And to many, it was a miracle -- an answer to a prayer.

"Tom Dempsey didn't kick that field goal, God kicked it," said Lion linebacker Wayne Walker.

"Interesting. But what does the Tom Dempsey story mean to me?" you may ask.

Our response would be: "Very little -- unless you develop the habit of recognizing, relating, assimilating and using universal principles and adopt them as your very own. Then follow through with desirable action."

And what are the principles you could apply from the Tom Dempsey story, whether or not you are physically disabled? They can be learned and applied by children and adults:

To learn and apply these principles, turn up your invisible talisman to the PMA side.

When Henley wrote the poetic lines, "I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul," he could have informed us that we are the masters of our fate because we are masters, first, of our attitudes. Our attitudes shape our future. This is a universal law. The poet could have told us with great emphasis that this law works whether the atti... --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

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Success Through A Positive Mental Attitude: Napoleon Hill ...

DEFINITION of 'Investment'

An asset or item that is purchased with the hope that it will generate income or appreciate in the future. In an economic sense, an investment is the purchase of goods that are not consumed today but are used in the future to create wealth. In finance, an investment is a monetary asset purchased with the idea that the asset will provide income in the future or appreciate and be sold at a higher price.

The building of a factory used to produce goods and the investment one makes by going to college or university are both examples of investments in the economic sense.

In the financial sense investments include the purchase of bonds, stocks or real estate property.

Be sure not to get 'making an investment' and 'speculating' confused. Investing usually involves the creation of wealth whereas speculating is often a zero-sum game; wealth is not created. Although speculators are often making informed decisions, speculation cannot usually be categorized as traditional investing.

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Investment Definition | Investopedia

British Dictionary definitions for investment Expand

(economics) the amount by which the stock of capital (plant, machinery, materials, etc) in an enterprise or economy changes

(biology) the outer layer or covering of an organ, part, or organism

the act of investing or state of being invested, as with an official robe, a specific quality, etc

(rare) the act of besieging with military forces, works, etc

Word Origin and History for investment Expand

1590s, "act of putting on vestments" (a sense now found in investiture); later "act of being invested with an office, right, endowment, etc." (1640s); and "surrounding and besieging of a military target" (1811); see invest + -ment. Commercial sense is from 1610s, originally of the finances of the East India Company; general use is from 1740 in the sense of "conversion of money to property in hopes of profit," and by 1837 in the sense "amount of money so invested; property viewed as a vehicle for profit." For evolution of commercial senses, see invest.

investment in Culture Expand

The purchase of property with the expectation that its value will increase over time.

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Investment | Define Investment at Dictionary.com

Free commission offer applies to online purchases of select iShares ETFs in a Fidelity brokerage account, which may require a minimum opening balance of $2,500. The sale of ETFs is subject to an activity assessment fee (of between $0.01 and $0.03 per $1,000 of principal) and is subject to a short-term trading fee by Fidelity if held less than 30 days.

$7.95 commission applies to online U.S. equity trades in a Fidelity account with a minimum opening balance of $2,500 for Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC retail clients. Sell orders are subject to an activity assessment fee (from $0.01 to $0.03 per $1,000 of principal). Other conditions may apply. See Fidelity.com/commissions for details.

ETFs are subject to market fluctuation and the risks of their underlying investments. ETFs are subject to management fees and other expenses. Unlike mutual funds, ETF shares are bought and sold at market price, which may be higher or lower than their NAV, and are not individually redeemed from the fund.

For iShares ETFs, Fidelity receives compensation from the ETF sponsor and/or its affiliates in connection with an exclusive, long-term marketing program that includes promotion of iShares ETFs and inclusion of iShares funds in certain FBS platforms and investment programs. Additional information about the sources, amounts, and terms of compensation is described in the ETFs prospectus and related documents. Fidelity may add or waive commissions on ETFs without prior notice. BlackRock and iShares are registered trademarks of BlackRock, Inc., and its affiliates.

Keep in mind that investing involves risk. The value of your investment will fluctuate over time, and you may gain or lose money.

Fidelity does not provide legal or tax advice. The information herein is general in nature and should not be considered legal or tax advice. Consult an attorney or tax professional regarding your specific situation.

Based on two surveys: The PLANSPONSOR magazine 2014 Recordkeeping Survey ( Asset International Inc.), based on defined contribution plan assets administered and number of participants of recordkeepers, as of 12/31/2013; and Cerulli Associates The Cerulli EdgeRetirement Edition, Q1 2015, based on an industry survey of firms reporting total IRA assets administered for Q4 2014.

Kiplinger's magazine, December 2014. Results based on ratings in the following categories: total commissions, investment choices, tools, research, website, mobile, and advisory services. Criteria not equally weighted. In 2014, Fidelity tied for #1 with Charles Schwab in a survey that ranked 10 leading discount brokers.

Investors Business Daily, January 2015. Fidelity was named a top five broker among Charles Schwab, TD Ameritrade, TradeStation and Scottrade. Fidelity scored among the highest in research tools, investment research, educational resources, and portfolio analysis and reports. Results were based on having the highest Customer Experience Index within 11 subcategories, as scored by 10,480 visitors to the IBD website.

Fidelity won 18 of the 2014 U.S. Lipper Fund Awards, which honor fund management firms and individual mutual funds that have outperformed peers based on risk-adjusted, consistent return. Lipper designates award-winning funds in most individual classifications for the 3-, 5-, and 10-year periods. In total, 15 Fidelity mutual funds won 18 awards. See our press release for a list of winning funds and details on the Lipper Rating System. Fidelity Investments and Lipper are not affiliated.

Guidance provided is educational.

Before investing in any mutual fund or exchange-traded fund, you should consider its investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses. Contact Fidelity for a prospectus, offering circular or, if available, a summary prospectus containing this information. Read it carefully.

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Fidelity Investments - Retirement, Funds, and Online Trading

Right now, a lot of investors are wondering about the uncertainty of rising interest ratesthe causes, effects and possible ramifications. Many people have been saying for weeks and months now that a rate hike is imminent and that September is the anticipated takeoff. read

Americans are utilizing the retirement savings features of IRAs more than ever. However, Roth IRAs are still underutilized, due in part to a misunderstanding of how the vehicle can be strategically used for retirement planning. read

Depending on your residency, as much as 41% of the gain on the sale of that collectible car might go to the combination of federal and state income taxes. Yet, tax planning for them has escaped all but the most sophisticated. read

Tsinghua University in Beijing has been ranked as Asias third best university, leading a strong Chinese cohort. read

One might be forgiven for thinking from all the media headlines that when the U.S. Federal Reserve eventually raises interest rates the world will be going to hell in a handcart. Whatever happens at the Feds meeting this week (16-17 September) - hike or not - history shows that rate tightenings dont always spell disaster. read

Last week, homebuyers gave acollective shrugto higher mortgage rates. Not that rates are higher.Theyre not. They will be, but house hunters have more important things to worry about. Not so much the Fed. This week, Janet Yellen & Co. will decide whether to raise rates for the first time in almost a decade. read

Later this year, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) will consider including Chinas currency (known alternately as the yuan, renminbi, RMB) in the basket of currencies that make up its Special Drawing Rights (SDRs). SDRs were created about 50 years ago largely as substitutes for disappearing gold reserves. Currently, the SDR currency basket includes the U.S. dollar, British pound sterling, Japanese yen and euro (which, as a regional currency rather than a national one, has no sovereign authority[...] read

Try being a market optimist these days. I guarantee, youll be mocked and derided. Somebody will mutter something about the Fed, insinuating that you are a blithering idiot who has no clue about market manipulation. read

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Forbes - Investing Information and Investing News - Forbes.com

Unfortunately, a wide nasal cavity syndrome due to reduction or resection of the inferior turbinate (and/or middle turbinate) is still frequently seen. In our opinion, it is a nasal crime.

Source: Functional Reconstructive Nasal Surgery, by Egbert H. Huizing & John De Groot, 2003, page 286.

This site was founded by Empty Nose Syndrome (ENS) sufferers in 2005, and is a leading source of information about ENS on the Internet. The primary goal of this website is to act as a center of information for ENS sufferers in the hope that this information empowers them to cope better with this problem.

ENS, we believe, is one of the most misunderstood, devastating, iatrogenic problems in American medicine today. We encourage all visitors to visit our forum, to share information about your symptoms and surgery. We hope this site helps to shed light on this silent, preventable problem. Among other features, this site includes:

We warmly welcome and encourage your involvement; your grass-root efforts on behalf of ENS are strongly encouraged. Thank you for taking interest in our website. We hope you find the information you need and wish you happy browsing and good nasal health.

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Welcome To The Empty Nose Syndrome Self-Help Website

Motivation is the force that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. It is what causes us to take action, whether to grab a snack to reduce hunger or enroll in college to earn a degree. The forces that lie beneath motivation can be biological, social, emotional, or cognitive in nature.

Researchers have developed a number of different theories to explain motivation. Each individual theory tends to be rather limited in scope. However, by looking at the key ideas behind each theory, you can gain a better understanding of motivation as a whole.

According to instinct theories, people are motivated to behave in certain ways because they are evolutionarily programmed to do so. An example of this in the animal world is seasonal migration. These animals do not learn to do this, it is instead an inborn pattern of behavior.

William James created a list of human instincts that included such things as attachment, play, shame, anger, fear, shyness, modesty, and love. The main problem with this theory is that it did not really explain behavior, it just described it. By the 1920s, instinct theories were pushed aside in favor of other motivational theories, but contemporary evolutionary psychologists still study the influence of genetics and heredity on human behavior.

The incentive theory suggests that people are motivated to do things because of external rewards. For example, you might be motivated to go to work each day for the monetary reward of being paid. Behavioral learning concepts such as association and reinforcement play an important role in this theory of motivation.

According to the drive theory of motivation, people are motivated to take certain actions in order to reduce the internal tension that is caused by unmet needs. For example, you might be motivated to drink a glass of water in order to reduce the internal state of thirst.

This theory is useful in explaining behaviors that have a strong biological component, such as hunger or thirst. The problem with the drive theory of motivation is that these behaviors are not always motivated purely by physiological needs. For example, people often eat even when they are not really hungry.

The arousal theory of motivation suggests that people take certain actions to either decrease or increase levels of arousal. When arousal levels get too low, for example, a person might watch an exciting movie or go for a jog. When arousal levels get too high, on the other hand, a person would probably look for ways to relax such as meditating or reading a book. According to this theory, we are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal, although this level can vary based on the individual or the situation.

Humanistic theories of motivation are based on the idea that people also have strong cognitive reasons to perform various actions. This is famously illustrated in Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which presents different motivations at different levels. First, people are motivated to fulfill basic biological needs for food and shelter, as well as those of safety, love, and esteem. Once the lower level needs have been met, the primary motivator becomes the need for self-actualization, or the desire to fulfill one's individual potential.

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Theories of Motivation in Psychology