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The Worldwide Quantum Technology Industry will Reach $31.57 Billion by 2026 – North America to be the Biggest Region – PRNewswire

Posted: May 22, 2021 at 1:52 am


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DUBLIN, May 18, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Quantum Technology Market by Computing, Communications, Imaging, Security, Sensing, Modeling and Simulation 2021 - 2026" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the quantum technology market. It assesses companies/organizations focused on quantum technology including R&D efforts and potential gaming-changing quantum tech-enabled solutions. The report evaluates the impact of quantum technology upon other major technologies and solution areas including AI, Edge Computing, Blockchain, IoT, and Big Data Analytics. The report provides an analysis of quantum technology investment, R&D, and prototyping by region and within each major country globally.

The report also provides global and regional forecasts as well as the outlook for quantum technology's impact on embedded hardware, software, applications, and services from 2021 to 2026. The report provides conclusions and recommendations for a wide range of industries and commercial beneficiaries including semiconductor companies, communications providers, high-speed computing companies, artificial intelligence vendors, and more.

Select Report Findings:

Much more than only computing, the quantum technology market provides a foundation for improving all digital communications, applications, content, and commerce. In the realm of communications, quantum technology will influence everything from encryption to the way that signals are passed from point A to point B. While currently in the R&D phase, networked quantum information and communications technology (ICT) is anticipated to become a commercial reality that will represent nothing less than a revolution for virtually every aspect of ICT.

However, there will be a need to integrate the ICT supply chain with quantum technologies in a manner that does not attempt to replace every aspect of classical computing but instead leverages a hybrid computational framework. Traditional High-Performance Computing (HPC) will continue to be used for many existing problems for the foreseeable future, while quantum technologies will be used for encrypting communications, signaling, and will be the underlying basis in the future for all commerce transactions. This does not mean that quantum encryption will replace Blockchain, but rather provide improved encryption for blockchain technology.

The quantum technology market will be a substantial enabler of dramatically improved sensing and instrumentation. For example, gravity sensors may be made significantly more precise through quantum sensing. Quantum electromagnetic sensing provides the ability to detect minute differences in the electromagnetic field. This will provide a wide-ranging number of applications, such as within the healthcare arena wherein quantum electromagnetic sensing will provide the ability to provide significantly improved mapping of vital organs. Quantum sensing will also have applications across a wide range of other industries such as transportation wherein there is the potential for substantially improved safety, especially for self-driving vehicles.

Commercial applications for the quantum imaging market are potentially wide-ranging including exploration, monitoring, and safety. For example, gas image processing may detect minute changes that could lead to early detection of tank failure or the presence of toxic chemicals. In concert with quantum sensing, quantum imaging may also help with various public safety-related applications such as search and rescue. Some problems are too difficult to calculate but can be simulated and modeled. Quantum simulations and modeling is an area that involves the use of quantum technology to enable simulators that can model complex systems that are beyond the capabilities of classical HPC. Even the fastest supercomputers today cannot adequately model many problems such as those found in atomic physics, condensed-matter physics, and high-energy physics.

Key Topics Covered:

1.0 Executive Summary

2.0 Introduction

3.0 Quantum Technology and Application Analysis 3.1 Quantum Computing 3.2 Quantum Cryptography Communication 3.3 Quantum Sensing and Imaging 3.4 Quantum Dots Particles 3.5 Quantum Cascade Laser 3.6 Quantum Magnetometer 3.7 Quantum Key Distribution 3.8 Quantum Cloud vs. Hybrid Platform 3.9 Quantum 5G Communication 3.10 Quantum 6G Impact 3.11 Quantum Artificial Intelligence 3.12 Quantum AI Technology 3.13 Quantum IoT Technology 3.14 Quantum Edge Network 3.15 Quantum Blockchain

4.0 Company Analysis 4.1 1QB Information Technologies Inc. 4.2 ABB (Keymile) 4.3 Adtech Optics Inc. 4.4 Airbus Group 4.5 Akela Laser Corporation 4.6 Alibaba Group Holding Limited 4.7 Alpes Lasers SA 4.8 Altairnano 4.9 Amgen Inc. 4.10 Anhui Qasky Science and Technology Limited Liability Company (Qasky) 4.11 Anyon Systems Inc. 4.12 AOSense Inc. 4.13 Apple Inc. (InVisage Technologies) 4.14 Biogen Inc. 4.15 Block Engineering 4.16 Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. 4.17 BT Group 4.18 Cambridge Quantum Computing Ltd. 4.19 Chinese Academy of Sciences 4.20 D-Wave Systems Inc. 4.21 Emerson Electric Corporation 4.22 Fujitsu Ltd. 4.23 Gem Systems 4.24 GeoMetrics Inc. 4.25 Google Inc. 4.26 GWR Instruments Inc. 4.27 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. 4.28 Hewlett Packard Enterprise 4.29 Honeywell International Inc. 4.30 HP Development Company L.P. 4.31 IBM Corporation 4.32 ID Quantique 4.33 Infineon Technologies 4.34 Intel Corporation 4.35 KETS Quantum Security 4.36 KPN 4.37 LG Display Co. Ltd. 4.38 Lockheed Martin Corporation 4.39 MagiQ Technologies Inc. 4.40 Marine Magnetics 4.41 McAfee LLC 4.42 MicroSemi Corporation 4.43 Microsoft Corporation 4.44 Mirsense 4.45 Mitsubishi Electric Corp. 4.46 M-Squared Lasers Limited 4.47 Muquans 4.48 Nanoco Group PLC 4.49 Nanoplus Nanosystems and Technologies GmbH 4.50 Nanosys Inc. 4.51 NEC Corporation 4.52 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation 4.53 NN-Labs LLC. 4.54 Nokia Corporation 4.55 Nucrypt 4.56 Ocean NanoTech LLC 4.57 Oki Electric 4.58 Oscilloquartz SA 4.59 OSRAM 4.60 PQ Solutions Limited (Post-Quantum) 4.61 Pranalytica Inc. 4.62 QC Ware Corp. 4.63 QD Laser Co. Inc. 4.64 QinetiQ 4.65 Quantum Circuits Inc. 4.66 Quantum Materials Corp. 4.67 Qubitekk 4.68 Quintessence Labs 4.69 QuSpin 4.70 QxBranch LLC 4.71 Raytheon Company 4.72 Rigetti Computing 4.73 Robert Bosch GmbH 4.74 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. (QD Vision Inc.) 4.75 SeQureNet (Telecom ParisTech) 4.76 SK Telecom 4.77 ST Microelectronics 4.78 Texas Instruments 4.79 Thorlabs Inc 4.80 Toshiba Corporation 4.81 Tristan Technologies 4.82 Twinleaf 4.83 Universal Quantum Devices 4.84 Volkswagen AG 4.85 Wavelength Electronics Inc. 4.86 ZTE Corporation

5.0 Quantum Technology Market Analysis and Forecasts 2021 - 2026 5.1 Global Quantum Technology Market 2021 - 2026 5.2 Global Quantum Technology Market by Technology 2021 - 2026 5.3 Quantum Computing Market 2021 - 2026 5.4 Quantum Cryptography Communication Market 2021 - 2026 5.5 Quantum Sensing and Imaging Market 2021 - 2026 5.6 Quantum Dots Market 2021 - 2026 5.7 Quantum Cascade Laser Market 2021 - 2026 5.8 Quantum Magnetometer Market 2021 - 2026 5.9 Quantum Key Distribution Market 2021 - 2026 5.9.1 Global Quantum Key Distribution Market by Technology 5.9.1.1 Global Quantum Key Distribution Market by Infrastructure Type 5.9.2 Global Quantum Key Distribution Market by Industry Vertical 5.9.2.1 Global Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Market by Government 5.9.2.2 Global Quantum Key Distribution Market by Enterprise/Civilian Industry 5.10 Global Quantum Technology Market by Deployment 5.11 Global Quantum Technology Market by Sector 5.12 Global Quantum Technology Market by Connectivity 5.13 Global Quantum Technology Market by Revenue Source 5.14 Quantum Intelligence Market 2021 - 2026 5.15 Quantum IoT Technology Market 2021 - 2026 5.16 Global Quantum Edge Network Market 5.17 Global Quantum Blockchain Market 5.18 Global Quantum Exascale Computing Market 5.19 Regional Quantum Technology Market 2021 - 2026 5.19.1 Regional Comparison of Global Quantum Technology Market 5.19.2 Global Quantum Technology Market by Region 5.19.2.1 North America Quantum Technology Market by Country 5.19.2.2 Europe Quantum Technology Market by Country 5.19.2.3 Asia Pacific Quantum Technology Market by Country 5.19.2.4 Middle East and Africa Quantum Technology Market by Country 5.19.2.5 Latin America Quantum Technology Market by Country

6.0 Conclusions and Recommendations

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/6syb13

Media Contact:

Research and Markets Laura Wood, Senior Manager [emailprotected]

For E.S.T Office Hours Call +1-917-300-0470 For U.S./CAN Toll Free Call +1-800-526-8630 For GMT Office Hours Call +353-1-416-8900

U.S. Fax: 646-607-1907 Fax (outside U.S.): +353-1-481-1716

SOURCE Research and Markets

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The Worldwide Quantum Technology Industry will Reach $31.57 Billion by 2026 - North America to be the Biggest Region - PRNewswire

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May 22nd, 2021 at 1:52 am

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Maryland Today | ‘We Really Are Terrapin Strong’ – Maryland Today

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Basking in warm sunshine and an atmosphere of optimism, the Terp community came together today at Maryland Stadium to honor the Class of 2021s achievements in the face of COVID-19s unprecedented challenges.

We really are Terrapin Strong, University of Maryland President Darryll J. Pines told the crowd at the 11 a.m. commencement ceremony. Seeing your faces in person is a sign. Its a sign that we are beginning to win this fight against this virus. Its a sign that your collective resilience and strength and grit is stronger than any challenge you will face.

The 8,500 members of the Spring 2021 graduating class are being honored today with two in-person, outdoor ceremonies at the stadium, divided by school and collegethe first open-air graduations in 66 years. Graduates could bring two guests, sat in distanced households of three for safety reasons and were sent off with an appearance from Testudo and a fireworks display. Spring 2020 and Winter 2020 graduates, who had only virtual ceremonies due to the pandemic, were invited to attend as well.

We were reminded that each day is precious and many of us vow to never again take for granted the everyday parts of life, Maryland Gov. Larry Hogan said in a recorded message. I hope that as you graduate today, you remember that each of us can make the days ahead count that much more.

Hannah Rhee 21, the student speaker and computer science major, said the pandemic and recent social justice challenges facing the entire nation are reminders that asking for help and relying on friends and family are proof of strength, not weakness.

Through these relationships I learned about the world, made lasting friendships and developed my character, she said. I believe we are emerging as fearless Terps, more thoughtful and more kind because of our experiences.

The main, recorded address was delivered by Peter Chapman, president and CEO of IonQ, a leading quantum computing company spun off from UMD research and headquartered in the nearby Discovery District. The son of a NASA scientist-astronaut and formerly director of engineering for Amazon Prime, Chapman urged graduates to meet the future with optimism and look to the promise of technology in answering challenges ranging from disease to climate change.

I know that for some of you, this day is bittersweet, he said. But for all that youve lost, for all that we have all lost, youve gained a lot, too: memories and friendships, new strengths and new skills. And today, a degree from the University of Maryland.

More than 8,500 students were granted degrees at the Spring 2021 ceremonies at Maryland Stadium. Graduates from Spring and Winter 2020 were also invited to celebrate in-person after having virtual ceremonies due to COVID-19. Photo by Stephanie S. Cordle

UMD President Darryll J. Pines praised graduates for their resiliency over the past year as the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated changes inside and out of the classroom. Photo by John T. Consoli

Senior marshal Alyssa Conway represented the College of Education at Fridays ceremonies. Senior marshals are chosen for academic excellence, service, extracurriculars and personal growth to assist at commencement. Photo by Stephanie S. Cordle

Peter Chapman, president and CEO of quantum computing company IonQ, delivered the main commencement address via recording. He urged graduates to be optimistic about the future and the promise that technology holds for issues ranging from disease to climate change. Photo by John T. Consoli

Graduates were able to invite two guests to join them at morning and afternoon commencement ceremonies in Maryland Stadium separated by school and college. The socially distanced events marked the first in-person graduation festivities since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spring 2020. Photo by Stephanie S. Cordle

Student speaker Hannah Rhee, a computer science major, emphasized the importance of relationships to support students studying through the twin pandemics of COVID-19 and social unrest brought on by racism and inequality. Photo by Stephanie S. Cordle

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Maryland Today | 'We Really Are Terrapin Strong' - Maryland Today

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May 22nd, 2021 at 1:52 am

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Following Atoms in Real Time Could Lead to New Types of Materials and Quantum Technology Devices – SciTechDaily

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Researchers have used a technique similar to MRI to follow the movement of individual atoms in real time as they cluster together to form two-dimensional materials, which are a single atomic layer thick.

The results, reported in the journalPhysical Review Letters, could be used to design new types of materials and quantum technology devices. The researchers, from the University of Cambridge, captured the movement of the atoms at speeds that are eight orders of magnitude too fast for conventional microscopes.

Two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, have the potential to improve the performance of existing and new devices, due to their unique properties, such as outstanding conductivity and strength. Two-dimensional materials have a wide range of potential applications, from bio-sensing and drug delivery to quantum information and quantum computing. However, in order for two-dimensional materials to reach their full potential, their properties need to be fine-tuned through a controlled growth process.

This technique isnt a new one, but its never been used in this way, to measure the growth of a two-dimensional material. Nadav Avidor

These materials normally form as atoms jump onto a supporting substrate until they attach to a growing cluster. Being able to monitor this process gives scientists much greater control over the finished materials. However, for most materials, this process happens so quickly and at such high temperatures that it can only be followed using snapshots of a frozen surface, capturing a single moment rather than the whole process.

Now, researchers from the University of Cambridge have followed the entire process in real time, at comparable temperatures to those used in industry.

The researchers used a technique known as helium spin-echo, which has been developed in Cambridge over the last 15 years. The technique has similarities to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but uses a beam of helium atoms to illuminate a target surface, similar to light sources in everyday microscopes.

Using this technique, we can do MRI-like experiments on the fly as the atoms scatter, said Dr Nadav Avidor from Cambridges Cavendish Laboratory, the papers senior author. If you think of a light source that shines photons on a sample, as those photons come back to your eye, you can see what happens in the sample.

Instead of photons however, Avidor and his colleagues use helium atoms to observe what happens on the surface of the sample. The interaction of the helium with atoms at the surface allows the motion of the surface species to be inferred.

Using a test sample of oxygen atoms moving on the surface of ruthenium metal, the researchers recorded the spontaneous breaking and formation of oxygen clusters, just a few atoms in size, and the atoms that quickly diffuse between the clusters.

This technique isnt a new one, but its never been used in this way, to measure the growth of a two-dimensional material, said Avidor. If you look back on the history of spectroscopy, light-based probes revolutionized how we see the world, and the next step electron-based probes allowed us to see even more.

Were now going another step beyond that, to atom-based probes, allowing us to observe more atomic scale phenomena. Besides its usefulness in the design and manufacture of future materials and devices, Im excited to find out what else well be able to see.

Reference: Ultrafast Diffusion at the Onset of Growth: O/Ru(0001) by Jack Kelsall, Peter S.M. Townsend, John Ellis, Andrew P. Jardine and Nadav Avidor, 12 April 2021, Physical Review Letters. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.155901

The research was conducted in the Cambridge Atom Scattering Centre and supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).

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Following Atoms in Real Time Could Lead to New Types of Materials and Quantum Technology Devices - SciTechDaily

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May 22nd, 2021 at 1:52 am

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International Advanced Research Workshop on HPC Returns to Cetraro July 2021 – HPCwire

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May 20, 2021 The International Advanced Research Workshop on HPC HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING State of the Art, Emerging Disruptive Innovations and Future Scenarios which had to be cancelled last year due to the coronavirus pandemic, will now return to Cetraro, Italy, July 26-30, 2021. Its focus is on state of the art, emerging disruptive innovations, and future scenarios in high performance computing and related topics.

The main aim of this workshop said Prof. Lucio Grandinetti, chairman of the Research Workshop, is to present and debate advanced topics, open questions, current and future developments, and challenging applications related to advanced high-performance distributed computing and data systems, encompassing implementations ranging from traditional clusters to warehouse-scale data centers, and with architectures including hybrid, multicore, distributed, cloud models, and systems targeted for AI applications.

Over fifty invited papers will be presented at the workshop. Keynote overview talks will be given together with research and industry presentations. Ten sessions will be planned together with two panel discussions. The program will include several sessions on Artificial Intelligence, Clouds, Big Data, Quantum Computing, Machine Learning and Exascale Computing, all of which will play an important role in the workshop program. Invited speakers from at least two dozen countries, and from different sectors, public and private, will debate the most critical issues related to their development strategies for Research and Enterprise.

Preliminary program, early registration (no conference fee!), and more details are available here: http://www.hpcc.unical.it/hpc2021/announcement.htm.

Source: Cetraro Workshop organizers

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International Advanced Research Workshop on HPC Returns to Cetraro July 2021 - HPCwire

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May 22nd, 2021 at 1:52 am

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IBM and MIT kickstarted the age of quantum computing in 1981 – Fast Company

Posted: May 9, 2021 at 1:52 am


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In May 1981, at a conference center housed in a chateau-style mansion outside Boston, a few dozen physicists and computer scientists gathered for a three-day meeting. The assembled brainpower was formidable: One attendee, Caltechs Richard Feynman, was already a Nobel laureate and would earn a widespread reputation for genius when his 1985 memoir Surely Youre Joking, Mr. Feynman!: Adventures of a Curious Character became a bestseller. Numerous others, such as Paul Benioff, Arthur Burks, Freeman Dyson, Edward Fredkin, Rolf Landauer, John Wheeler, and Konrad Zuse, were among the most accomplished figures in their respective research areas.

The conference they were attending, The Physics of Computation, was held from May 6 to 8 and cohosted by IBM and MITs Laboratory for Computer Science. It would come to be regarded as a seminal moment in the history of quantum computingnot that anyone present grasped that as it was happening.

Its hard to put yourself back in time, says Charlie Bennett, a distinguished physicist and information theorist who was part of the IBM Research contingent at the event. If youd said quantum computing, nobody would have understood what you were talking about.

Why was the conference so significant? According to numerous latter-day accounts, Feynman electrified the gathering by calling for the creation of a quantum computer. But I dont think he quite put it that way, contends Bennett, who took Feynmans comments less as a call to action than a provocative observation. He just said the world is quantum, Bennett remembers. So if you really wanted to build a computer to simulate physics, that should probably be a quantum computer.

For a guide to whos who in this 1981 Physics of Computation photo, click here. [Photo: courtesy of Charlie Bennett, who isnt in itbecause he took it]Even if Feynman wasnt trying to kick off a moonshot-style effort to build a quantum computer, his talkand The Physics of Computation conference in generalproved influential in focusing research resources. Quantum computing was nobodys day job before this conference, says Bennett. And then some people began considering it important enough to work on.

It turned out to be such a rewarding area for study that Bennett is still working on it in 2021and hes still at IBM Research, where hes been, aside from the occasional academic sabbatical, since 1972. His contributions have been so significant that hes not only won numerous awards but also had one named after him. (On Thursday, he was among the participants in an online conference on quantum computings past, present, and future that IBM held to mark the 40th anniversary of the original meeting.)

Charlie Bennett [Photo: courtesy of IBM]These days, Bennett has plenty of company. In recent years, quantum computing has become one of IBMs biggest bets, as it strives to get the technology to the point where its capable of performing useful work at scale, particularly for the large organizations that have long been IBMs core customer base. Quantum computing is also a major area of research focus at other tech giants such as Google, Microsoft, Intel, and Honeywell, as well as a bevy of startups.

According to IBM senior VP and director of research Dario Gil, the 1981 Physics of Computation conference played an epoch-shifting role in getting the computing community excited about quantum physicss possible benefits. Before then, in the context of computing, it was seen as a source of noiselike a bothersome problem that when dealing with tiny devices, they became less reliable than larger devices, he says. People understood that this was driven by quantum effects, but it was a bug, not a feature.

Making progress in quantum computing has continued to require setting aside much of what we know about computers in their classical form. From early room-sized mainframe monsters to the smartphone in your pocket, computing has always boiled down to performing math with bits set either to one or zero. But instead of depending on bits, quantum computers leverage quantum mechanics through a basic building block called a quantum bit, or qubit. It can represent a one, a zero, orin a radical departure from classical computingboth at once.

Dario Gil [Photo: courtesy of IBM]Qubits give quantum computers the potential to rapidly perform calculations that might be impossibly slow on even the fastest classical computers. That could have transformative benefits for applications ranging from drug discovery to cryptography to financial modeling. But it requires mastering an array of new challenges, including cooling superconducting qubits to a temperature only slightly above abolute zero, or -459.67 Farenheit.

Four decades after the 1981 conference, quantum computing remains a research project in progress, albeit one thats lately come tantalizingly close to fruition. Bennett says that timetable isnt surprising or disappointing. For a truly transformative idea, 40 years just isnt that much time: Charles Babbage began working on his Analytical Engine in the 1830s, more than a century before technological progress reached the point where early computers such as IBMs own Automated Sequence Controlled Calculator could implement his concepts in a workable fashion. And even those machines came nowhere near fulfilling the vision scientists had already developed for computing, including some things that [computers] failed at miserably for decades, like language translation, says Bennett.

I think was the first time ever somebody said the phrase quantum information theory.

In 1970, as a Harvard PhD candidate, Bennett was brainstorming with fellow physics researcher Stephen Wiesner, a friend from his undergraduate days at Brandeis. Wiesner speculated that quantum physics would make it possible to send, through a channel with a nominal capacity of one bit, two bits of information; subject however to the constraint that whichever bit the receiver choose to read, the other bit is destroyed, as Bennett jotted in notes whichfortunately for computing historyhe preserved.

Charlie Bennetts 1970 notes on Stephen Wiesners musings about quantum physics and computing (click to expand). [Photo: courtesy of Charlie Bennett]I think was the first time ever somebody said the phrase quantum information theory,' says Bennett. The idea that you could do things of not just a physics nature, but an information processing nature with quantum effects that you couldnt do with ordinary data processing.

Like many technological advances of historic proportionsAI is another examplequantum computing didnt progress from idea to reality in an altogether predictable and efficient way. It took 11 years from Wiesners observation until enough people took the topic seriously enough to inspire the Physics of Computation conference. Bennett and the University of Montreals Gilles Brassard published important research on quantum cryptography in 1984; in the 1990s, scientists realized that quantum computers had the potential to be exponentially faster than their classical forebears.

All along, IBM had small teams investigating the technology. According to Gil, however, it wasnt until around 2010 that the company had made enough progress that it began to see quantum computing not just as an intriguing research area but as a powerful business opportunity. What weve seen since then is this dramatic progress over the last decade, in terms of scale, effort, and investment, he says.

IBMs superconducting qubits need to be kept chilled in a super fridge. [Photo: courtesy of IBM]As IBM made that progress, it shared it publicly so that interested parties could begin to get their heads around quantum computing at the earliest opportunity. Starting in May 2016, for instance, the company made quantum computing available as a cloud service, allowing outsiders to tinker with the technology in a very early form.

It is really important that when you put something out, you have a path to deliver.

One of the things that road maps provide is clarity, he says, allowing that road maps without execution are hallucinations, so it is really important that when you put something out, you have a path to deliver.

Scaling up quantum computing into a form that can trounce classical computers at ambitious jobs requires increasing the number of reliable qubits that a quantum computer has to work with. When IBM published its quantum hardware road map last September, it had recently deployed the 65-qubit IBM Quantum Hummingbird processor, a considerable advance on its previous 5- and 27-qubit predecessors. This year, the company plans to complete the 127-qubit IBM Quantum Eagle. And by 2023, it expects to have a 1,000-qubit machine, the IBM Quantum Condor. Its this machine, IBM believes, that may have the muscle to achieve quantum advantage by solving certain real-world problems faster the worlds best supercomputers.

Essential though it is to crank up the supply of qubits, the software side of quantum computings future is also under construction, and IBM published a separate road map devoted to the topic in February. Gil says that the company is striving to create a frictionless environment in which coders dont have to understand how quantum computing works any more than they currently think about a classical computers transistors. An IBM software layer will handle the intricacies (and meld quantum resources with classical ones, which will remain indispensable for many tasks).

You dont need to know quantum mechanics, you dont need to know a special programming language, and youre not going to need to know how to do these gate operations and all that stuff, he explains. Youre just going to program with your favorite language, say, Python. And behind the scenes, there will be the equivalent of libraries that call on these quantum circuits, and then they get delivered to you on demand.

IBM is still working on making quantum computing ready for everyday reality, but its already worked with designers to make it look good. [Photo: courtesy of IBM]In this vision, we think that at the end of this decade, there may be as many as a trillion quantum circuits that are running behind the scene, making software run better, Gil says.

Even if IBM clearly understands the road ahead, theres plenty left to do. Charlie Bennett says that quantum researchers will overcome remaining challenges in much the same way that he and others confronted past ones. Its hard to look very far ahead, but the right approach is to maintain a high level of expertise and keep chipping away at the little problems that are causing a thing not to work as well as it could, he says. And then when you solve that one, there will be another one, which you wont be able to understand until you solve the first one.

As for Bennetts own current work, he says hes particularly interested in the intersection betweeninformation theory and cosmologynot so much because I think I can learn enough about it to make an original research contribution, but just because its so much fun to do. Hes also been making explainer videos about quantum computing, a topic whose reputation for being weird and mysterious he blames on inadequate explanation by others.

Unfortunately, the majority of science journalists dont understand it, he laments. And they say confusing things about itpainfully, for me, confusing things.

For IBM Research, Bennett is both a living link to its past and an inspiration for its future. Hes had such a massive impact on the people we have here, so many of our top talent, says Gil. In my view, weve accrued the most talented group of people in the world, in terms of doing quantum computing. So many of them trace it back to the influence of Charlie. Impressive though Bennetts 49-year tenure at the company is, the fact that hes seen and made so much quantum computing historyincluding attending the 1981 conferenceand is here to talk about it is a reminder of how young the field still is.

Harry McCracken is the technology editor for Fast Company, based in San Francisco. In past lives, he was editor at large for Time magazine, founder and editor of Technologizer, and editor of PC World.

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IBM and MIT kickstarted the age of quantum computing in 1981 - Fast Company

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May 9th, 2021 at 1:52 am

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Here’s the lowdown on how quantum computing affects the Middle East – SCOOP EMPIRE

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By Sherif Awad

In 1980, American physicist Paul Benioff, set the first milestone for developing a new kind of computer (quantum computer), that far more powerful than our normal computers. He demonstrated the theoretical possibility of quantum computers.

Quantum computers are based on quantum mechanics, and they can perform computations much faster than normal computers. They can solve complex problems that the fastest super computer cannot solve. A quantum computer can solve a problem that takes one week on a normal computer in one second, or in some other scenarios, a real quantum computer solved a problem that would take the worlds fastest computer 10,000 years in 200 seconds. Quantum computers can be used to solve the most complex problems from finance, security, to cancer research. Scientists expect to have real use of quantum computers by end of next year, full applications by 2026, and commercial use by 2030. To reach commercial scale quantum computers, it is going to require revolutionary discoveries in physics, material science, computer science, and mathematics.

The communication on the internet is protected by cryptography. Cryptography protects our information, as it travels over and is stored on the internet. Quantum computers are so powerful, they can break into the worlds most complex cryptography in seconds, and that poses a threat to the world. It can break into governments, enterprises, or global organization systems. IT organizations around the world are working on creating new cryptography methods that cannot be broken by quantum computers. The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), is working on standardizing cryptography algorithms that cannot be broken by quantum computers.

Quantum computers exist today, but they are not as powerful as we need them to be in order to solve the most complex problems that we have today. Quantum computers speed can be measured in qubits, which is the basic unit of quantum information like bits in normal computers. IT giants are battling for quantum supremacy such as IBM, Google, Microsoft etc. Google claimed quantum supremacy in 2019 by building a quantum computer with 53 qubits. A team of Chinese scientists in 2020 have developed the most powerful super computer that is able to perform a single task 100 trillion times faster than the worlds fastest super computer. China has invested $10 billion on the countrys National Laboratory for Quantum Information Sciences. That does not mean they reached quantum supremacy, as their computer is specialized in doing a single task really fast, unlike the Google general quantum computer.

Any security that we have today will be useless by 2030. That means that the IT systems that we rely on today such as electricity, networks, hospitals and supply chains, could be down in seconds. Governments, enterprises and global organizations need to change their security systems to be post-quantum proof, which means they will invest heavily in new security agile systems that can adapt to new security protocols as they arise.

Congress passed the National Quantum Initiative Act which requires presidents to be advised about the developments in the field, and the World Economic Forum has advised that we need to build quantum literacy program in governments.

Imagine that some encrypted secure data got stolen from you today. In a few years, quantum computers will be able to decrypt the data that was stolen. If your data becomes irrelevant in five years, then you shouldnt care about it being decrypted in five years. But, if it is government data, then defiantly you need to start thinking about quantum security today.

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May 9th, 2021 at 1:52 am

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IBM Extends HBCU Initiatives Through New Industry Collaborations – PRNewswire

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ARMONK, N.Y., May 7, 2021 /PRNewswire/ --IBM (NYSE: IBM) announced today it has extended its IBM Global University Program with historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) to 40 schools.

IBM is now working with the American Association of Blacks in Higher Education (AABHE), 100 Black Men of America, Inc., Advancing Minorities' Interest in Engineering (AMIE) and the United Negro College Fund (UNCF) to better prepare HBCU students for in-demand jobs in the digital economy.

In parallel, the IBM Institute for Business Value released a new reportwith broad-ranging recommendations on how businesses can cultivate more diverse, inclusive workforces by establishing similar programs and deepening engagement with HBCUs.

IBM's HBCU program momentum has been strong in an environment where only 43% of leaders across industry and academia believe higher education prepares students with necessary workforce skills.* In September 2020, IBM announced the investment of $100 million in assets, technology and resources to HBCUs across the United States. Through IBM Global University Programs, which include the continuously enhanced IBM Academic Initiative and IBM Skills Academy, IBM has now:

Building on this work, IBM and key HBCU ecosystem partners are now collaborating to expedite faculty and student access and use of IBM's industry resources.

In its new report, "Investing in Black Technical Talent: The Power of Partnering with HBCUs," IBM describes how HBCUs succeed in realizing their mission and innovate to produce an exceptional talent pipeline, despite serious funding challenges. IBM explains its approach to broad-based HBCU collaboration with a series of best-practices for industry organizations.

IBM's series of best practices include:

To download the full report, please visit: LINK.

HBCU students continue to engage with IBM on a wide range of opportunities. These include students taking artificial intelligence, cybersecurity or cloud e-learning courses and receiving a foundational industry badge certificate in four hours. Many also attend IBM's virtual student Wednesday seminars with leading experts, such as IBM neuroscientists who discuss the implications of ethics in neurotechnology.

Statements from Collaborators "HBCUs typically deliver a high return on investment. They have less money in their endowments, faculty is responsible for teaching a larger volume of classes per term and they receive less revenue per student than non-HBCUs. Yet, HBCUs produce almost a third of all African-American STEM graduates,"** said Valinda Kennedy, HBCU Program Manager, IBM Global University Programs and co-author of "Investing in Black Technical Talent: The Power of Partnering with HBCUs.""It is both a racial equity and an economic imperative for U.S. industry competitiveness to develop the most in-demand skills and jobs for all students and seek out HBCU students who are typically underrepresented in many of the most high-demand areas."

"100 Black Men of America, Inc. is proud to collaboratewith IBM to deliver these exceptional and needed resources to the HBCU community and students attending these institutions. The 100 has long supported and sought to identify mechanisms that aid in the sustainability of historically black colleges and universities. This collaboration and the access and opportunities provided by IBM will make great strides in advancing that goal," stated 100 Black Men of America Chairman Thomas W. Dortch, Jr.

"The American Association of Blacks in Higher Education is proud to collaborate with IBM," said Dereck Rovaris, President, AABHE. "Our mission to be the premier organization to drive leadership development, access and vital issues concerning Blacks in higher education works perfectly with IBM's mission to lead in the creation, development and manufacture of the industry's most advanced information technologies.Togetherthis collaboration will enhance both organizations and the many people we serve."

"IBM is a strong AMIE partnerwhose role is strategic and support is significant in developing a diverse engineering workforce through AMIE and our HBCU community.IBM's presence on AMIE's Board of Directors provides leadership for AMIE's strategies,key initiatives and programsto achieve our goal of a diverse engineering workforce," said Veronica Nelson, Executive Director, AMIE."IBM programslike the IBM Academic Initiative and the IBM Skills Academyprovideaccess, assets and opportunities for our HBCU faculty and students to gain high-demand skills in areas like AI, cybersecurity, blockchain, quantum computing and cloud computing. IBM is a key sponsor of the annual AMIE Design Challenge introducing students to new and emerging technologies through industry collaborations and providing experiential activities like IBM Enterprise Design Thinking, which is the foundational platform for the Design Challenge. The IBM Masters and PhD Fellowship Awards program supports our HBCU students with mentoring, collaboration opportunities on disruptive technologies as well as a financial award. The IBM Blue Movement HBCU Coding Boot Camp enables and recognizes programming competencies. IBM also sponsors scholarships for the students at the 15 HBCU Schools of Engineering to support their educational pursuits. IBM continues to evolve its engagement with AMIE and the HBCU Schools of Engineering."

"The IBM Skills Academy is timely in providing resources that support the creativity of my students in the Dual Degree Engineering Program at Clark Atlanta University," said Dr. Olugbemiga A. Olatidoye, Professor, Dual Degree Engineering and Director, Visualization, Stimulation and Design Laboratory, Clark Atlanta University. "It also allows my students to be skillful in their design thinking process, which resulted in an IBM digital badge certificate and a stackable credential for their future endeavors."

"We truly value the IBM skills programs and have benefitted from the Academic Initiative, Skills Academy and Global University Awards across all five campuses," saidDr. Derrick Warren, Interim Associate Dean and MBA Director, Southern University. "Over 24 faculty and staff have received instructor training and more than 300 students now have micro-certifications in AI, cloud, cybersecurity, data science, design thinking, Internet of Things, quantum computing and other offerings."

"At UNCF, we have a history of supporting HBCUs as they amplify their outsized impact on the Black community, and our work would not be possible without transformational partnerships with organizations like IBM and their IBM Global University Programs," said Ed Smith-Lewis, Executive Director of UNCF's Institute for Capacity Building. "We are excited to bring the resources of IBM to HBCUs, their faculty, and their students."

"IBM Skills Academy is an ideal platform for faculty to teach their students the latest in computing and internet technologies," said Dr. Sridhar Malkaram, West Virginia State University. "It helped the students in my Applied Data Mining course experience the state of the art in data science methods and analysis tools. The course completion badge/certificate has been an additional and useful incentive for students, which promoted their interest. The Skills Academy courses can be advantageously adapted by faculty, either as stand-alone courses or as part of existing courses."

About IBM:IBM is a leading global hybrid cloud, AI and business services provider. We help clients in more than 175 countries capitalize on insights from their data, streamline business processes, reduce costs and gain the competitive edge in their industries. For more information visit: https://newsroom.ibm.com/home.

*King, Michael, Anthony Marshall, Dave Zaharchuk. "Pursuit of relevance: How higher education remains viable in today's dynamic world." IBM Institute for Business Value. Accessed March 23, 2021. https://www.ibm.com/thought-leadership/institute-business-value/report/education-relevance

**Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

IBM Media RelationsContact: Carrie Bendzsa [emailprotected] +1613-796-3880

SOURCE IBM

http://www.ibm.com

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May 9th, 2021 at 1:52 am

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Here comes the worlds first ever multi-node quantum network – TelecomTV

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Dutch scientists working at the quantum research institute QuTech in the city of Delft, southeast of The Hague in the Netherlands, have built the first ever multi-node quantum network by managing to connect three quantum processors. The nodes can both store and process qubits (quantum bits) and the researchers have provided a proof of concept that quantum networks are not only achievable but capable of being scaled-up in size eventually to provide humanity with a quantum Internet.

When that happens the world will become a very different place. With massive new and computing capabilities being made available via the power of sub-atomic particles, intractable problems that would currently take many years to solve (it they could be solved at all) using conventional silicon-based super-computers will be determined within seconds.

The ultimate goal is to enable the construction of a world-wide quantum Internet wherein quantum mechanics will permit quantum devices to communicate and conjoin to create large quantum clusters of exponentially great power easily capable of solving currently unsolvable problems at enormous speed.

Qubits, the basic building blocks of quantum computers exist in a quantum state where, unlike traditional binary computing where a bit represents the value of either zero or one, qubits can exist both as zeros and ones simultaneously. Thus quantum computers can perform an incredible number of calculations at once but, due to the inherent instability of the quantum state they can collapse and disappear the instant they are exposed to an outside environment and must "decide" to take the value of a zero or one. This makes for the strong possibility that qubit calculations may, or may not, be reliable and verifiable and so a great deal of research is underway on error correction systems that would guarantee the results arrived at in a quantum calculations are true.

Say hello to Bob, Alice and Charlie, just don't look at them

A quantum Internet will come into being and continue to exist because of quantum entanglement, a remarkable physical property whereby a group of particles interact or share spatial proximity such that the quantum state of each particle cannot be determined independently of the state of the others, even when the particles are physically separated by great distances.

In other words, quantum particles can be coupled into a single fundamental connection regardless of how far apart they might be. The entanglement means that a change applied to one of the particles will instantly be echoed in the other. In quantum Internet communications, entangled particles can instantly transmit information from a qubit to its entangled other even though that other is in a quantum device on the other side of the world, or the other side of the universe come to that.

For this desired state of affairs to maintain itself, entanglement must be achieved and and maintained for as long as is required. There have already been many laboratory demonstrations, commonly using fibre optics, of a physical link between two quantum devices, but two nodes do not a network make. Thats's why QuTech's achievement is so important. In a system configuration reminiscent of the role routers play in a traditional network environment, the Dutch scientists placed a third node, which has a physical connection between the two others enabling entanglement between it and them. Thus a network was born. The researchers christened the three nodes as Bob, Alice and Charlie

So, Bob has two qubits: a memory qubit to permit the storage of an established quantum link, (in this case with Alice) and a communications qubit (to permit a link with node Charlie). Once the links with Alice and Charlie are established, Bob locally connects its own to qubits with the result that an entangled three node network exists and Alice and Charlie are linked at the quantum level despite there being no physical link between them. QuTech has also invented the world's first quantum network protocol which flags up a message to the research scientists when entanglement is successfully completed.

The next step will be to add more qubits to Bob, Alice and Charlie and develop hardware, software and a full set of protocols that will form the foundation blocks of a quantum Internet. That will be laboratory work but later on the network will be tested over real-world, operational telco fibre. Research will also be conducted into creating compatibility with data structures already in use today.

Another problem to be solved is how to enable the creation of a large-scale quantum network by increasing the distance that entanglement can be maintained. Until very recently that limit was 100 kilometres but researchers in Chinese universities have just ramped it up to 1,200 kilometres.

The greater the distance of travel, the more quantum devices and intermediary nodes can be deployed and the more powerful and resilient a quantum network and Internet will become. That will enable new applications such as quantum cryptography, completely secure, utterly private and unhackable comms and cloud computing, the discovery of new drugs and other applications in fields such as finance, education, astrophysics, aeronautics, telecoms, medicine, chemistry and many others that haven't even been thought of yet.

It might even provide answers to the riddle of the universal oneness of which we are all a miniscule part. Maybe the answer to the question of life, the universe and everything will be 43, as calculated by the supercomputer Deep Thought rather than the 42 postulated by Douglas Adams in "The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy". Even if that is the case, given localised quantum relativity effects and Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle it could easily be another number, until you look at it, when it turns into a living/dead cat.

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May 9th, 2021 at 1:52 am

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Crystal Ball Gazing at Nvidia: R&D Chief Bill Dally Talks Targets and Approach – HPCwire

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Theres no quibbling with Nvidias success. Entrenched atop the GPU market, Nvidia has ridden its own inventiveness and growing demand for accelerated computing to meet the needs of HPC and AI. Recently it embarked on an ambitious expansion by acquiring Mellanox (interconnect) and is now working to complete the purchase of Arm (processor IP). Along the way, it jumped into the systems business with its DGX line. What was mostly a GPU company is suddenly quite a bit more.

Bill Dally, chief scientist and senior vice president, research, argues that R&D has been and remains a key player in Nvidias current and long-term success. At GTC21 this spring Dally provided a glimpse into Nvidias R&D organization and a couple of high priority projects. Like Nvidia writ large, Dallys research group is expanding. It recently added a GPU storage systems effort and just started an autonomous vehicle research group, said Dally.

Presented here is a snapshot of the Nvidia R&D organization and a little about its current efforts as told by Dally plus a few of his Q&A responses at the end of the article.

[We] are loosely organized into a supply side and demand side. The supply side of the research lab tries to develop technology that goes directly to supply our product needs to make better GPUs [these are] VLSI design methodologies to architect the GPUs, better GPU architectures, better networking technology to connect CPUs together and into the larger datacenter programming systems, and we recently started a new GPU storage systems group, said Dally.

The demand side of Nvidia Research aims to drive demand for GPUs. We actually have three different graphics research groups, because one thing we have to continually do is raise the bar for what is good real-time graphics. If it ever becomes good enough, eventually, the integrated graphics that you get for free with certain CPUs will become good enough. And then therell be no demand for our discrete GPUs anymore. But by introducing ray tracing, by introducing better illumination both direct and indirect, were able to constantly raise the bar on what people demand for good real time graphics.

Not surprisingly, AI has quickly become a priority. We have actually five different AI labs because AI has become such a huge driver for demand for GPUs, he said. A couple years ago the company opened a robotics lab. We believe that Nvidia GPUs will be the brains of all future robots, and we want to lead that revolution as robots go from being very active positioning machines to being things that interact with their environments and interact with humans. Weve also just started an autonomous vehicle research group to look at technology that will lead the way for our DRIVE products.

Occasionally, said Dally, Nvidia will pull people together from the different research for what are called moonshots or high-impact projects. We did one of those that developed the TTU [tree traversal unit], what is now called the RT core, to introduce ray tracing to real-time graphics. We did one for a research GPU that later turned into Volta. [Moonshots] are typically larger projects that try to push technology further ahead, integrating concepts from many of the different disciplines, said Dally.

A clear focus on productizing R&D has consistently paid off for Nvidia contends Dally, Over the years, weve had a huge influence on Nvidia technology. Almost all of ray tracing at Nvidia started within a Nvidia Research. Starting with the development of optics and the software ray tracer that forms the core of our professional graphics offering. More recently developing the RT cores that have brought ray tracing to real time and consumer graphics. We got Nvidia into networking when we developed NVSwitch originally as a research project back in about 2012. And we got Nvidia into deep learning and AI on a collaborative project with Stanford that led to the development of cuDNN, he said.

So much for history. Today, like many others, Nvidia is investigating in optical communications technology to overcome speedbumps imposed by existing wire-based technology. Dally discussed some of Nvidias current efforts.

When we started working on NVLink and NVSwitch, it was because we had this vision that were not just building one GPU, but were building a system that incorporates many GPUs, switches and connections to the larger datacenter. To do this, we need technology that allows our GPUs to communicate with each other and other elements of the system, and this is becoming harder to do for two reasons, he said.

Slowing switching times and wiring constraints are the main culprits. For example, said Dally, using 26-gauge cable you can go at different bit rates 25, 50, 100, 200 Gbps but at 200 Gbps, youre down to one meter (reach) which is barely enough to reach a top of rack switch from a GPU; if you speed up to 400 Gbps, its going to be a half a meter.

What we want is to get as many bits per second off a millimeter chip edge as we can because if you look forward, were going to be building 100 terabit switches, and we need to get 100 terabits per second off of that switch. So wed like to be at more than a terabit per second per millimeter of chip edge and wed like to be able to reach at least 10 meters. It turns out if youre building something like a DGX SuperPod, you actually need very few cables longer than that. And wed like to have the energy per bit be down in the one picojoule per bit range. The technology that seems most promising to do this is dense wavelength division multiplexing with integrated silicon photonics.

Conceptually the idea is pretty straightforward.

This chart (below) shows the general architecture. We start with a laser comb source. This is a laser that produces a number of different colors of light. I say different colors [but they] are imperceptibly different by like 100 gigahertz in frequency, but it produces these different colors of light and sends them over a supply fiber to our transmitter. In the transmitter, we have a number of ring resonators that are able to individually modulate (on-and-off) the different colors of light. So we can take one color of light and modulate it at some bit rate on and off. We do this simultaneously in parallel on all of the other colors and get a bit rate which is a product of the number of colors we have and the bit rate were switching per color. We send that over a fiber with a reach of 10-to-100 meters to our receiving integrated circuit. [There] we pick off with ring resonators the different colors that are now either on or off with a bitstream and send that photodetectors and transimpedance amplifiers and on up to the receiver, described Dally

Dally envisions a future optical DGX where a GPU will communicate via an organic package to an electrical integrated circuit that basically takes that GPU link and modulates the individual ring resonators that you saw in the previous figure on the photonic integrated circuit. The photonic integrated circuit accepts the supply fiber from the laser, has the ring resonator modulators, and drives that fiber to the receiver. The receiver will have an NVSwitch and has the same photonic integrated circuit. But now were on the receive side where the ring resonators pick the wavelengths off to the electrical integrated circuit, and it drives the switch.

The key to this is that optical engine, he said, which has a couple of components on it. It has the host electrical interface that receives a short reach electrical interface from the GPU. It has modulator drivers to modulate the ring resonators as well as control circuitry, for example, to maintain the temperature of the ring resonators [which must be at] a very accurate temperature to keep the frequency stable. It then has waveguides to grating couplers that couple that energy into the fiber that goes to the switch.

Many electronic system and device makers are grappling with the interconnect bandwidth issue. Likely at a future GTC, one of Dallys colleagues from product management will be showcasing new optical interconnect systems while the Nvidia R&D team is grappling with some new set of projects.

I hope that the projects I described for you today [will achieve] future success, but we never know. Some of our projects become the next RT core. Some of our projects [dont work as planned, and] we quietly declare success and move on to the next one. But we are trying to do everything that we think could have impact on Nvidias future.

POST SCRIPTS Dally Quick Hits During Q&A

Nvidia R&D Reach Go Where the Talent Is

We are already geographically very, very diverse. I have a map. Of course, its not in the slide deck (shrugs), were all over North America and Europe. And a couple years ago, actually, even before the Mellanox acquisition, we opened an office in Tel Aviv. Whats driven this geographic expansion has been talent, we find smart people. And there are a lot of smart people who dont want to move to Santa Clara, California. So we basically create an office where they are. I think there are certainly some gaps. One gap I see as a big gap is an office in Asia; there are an awful lot of smart people in Asia, a lot of interesting work coming out of there. And I think Africa and South America clearly have talent pools we want to be tapping as well.

On Fab Technologys Future

So what will be the future of computing when the fab processing technology becomes near sub nanometer scaling with respect to quantum computing? Thats a good question, but I dont know that Ive given that much thought. I think weve got a couple generations to go. Amperes in seven nanometers and we see our way clearly to five nanometers and three nanometers, and the devices there operate very classically. Quantum computing, I think if we move there, its not going to be, you know, with conventional fabs. Its going to be with these Josephson junction based technologies that a lot of people are experimenting, or with photonics, or with trapped ions. We have done a study group to look at quantum computing and have seen it as a technology is pretty far out. But our strategy is to enable [quantum] by things like the recently announced cuQuantum (SDK) so that we can both help people simulate quantum algorithms until quantum computers are available, and ultimately run the classical part of those quantum computers on our GPUs.

Not Betting on Neuromorphic Tech

The next one is do you see Nvidia developing neuromorphic hardware to support spiking neural networks? The short answer is no, Ive actually spent a lot of time looking at neuromorphic computing. I spent a lot of time looking at a lot of emerging technologies and try to ask the question, Could these technologies make a difference for Nvidia? For neuromorphic computing the answer is no, and sort of consists of three things. One of them is the the spiking representation, which is actually a pretty inefficient representation of data because youre toggling a line up and down multiple times to signal a number. To have that say 256 dynamic range, on average, youd have to toggle 128 times and that [requires] probably 64 times more energy than an integer representation. Then theres the analog computation and weve looked at analog computation, finding it to be less energy efficient when you consider the need to convert to store the digital computation. And then theres different models they typically come up with. If those models were better than models, like BERT for language, or Resnet, for imaging, people would be using them, but they dont win the competitions. So were not looking at spiking things right now.

Can DL Leverage Sparsity Yes.

The next question here is can deep learning techniques leverage sparsity, for example, sparse atom optimizer, sparse attention, take advantage of the sparse matrix multiplication mechanisms in the Ampere tensor cores? Thats a bit off topic, but the short answer is yes. I mean, neural networks are fundamentally sparse. [A colleague and] I had a paper at NeurIPS in 2015, where we showed that you can basically prune most convolution layers down to 30 percent density and most fully-connected layers down to 10 percent or less density with no loss of accuracy. So I think that getting to the 50 percent you need to exploit the sparse matrix multiply units in Ampere is actually very easy. And I think were going to see, actually weve already seen that applied kind of across the board on the matrix multiply gives you a 2x improvement. But over the whole application, which includes all these things that arent matrix multiply, like the normalization step, and the nonlinear operator and the pooling, we actually even considering all of that and Amdahls law we still get a 1.5x speed up on BERT applying the sparse tensor cores.

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Crystal Ball Gazing at Nvidia: R&D Chief Bill Dally Talks Targets and Approach - HPCwire

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May 9th, 2021 at 1:52 am

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Cambridge named as world-leading centre of quantum computing research – Varsity Online

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Cambridge has been chosen by The Quantum Daily as one of the top ten global universities and institutions for its exemplary research into quantum physics.

The University of Cambridge has been chosen as one of the worlds top ten universities and research institutions by The Quantum Daily, a leading online publication in the field of quantum computing.

It describes Cambridge as being at the apex of the countrys pioneering quantum movement.

Several quantum computing startups have spun out of the University, while many other quantum organizations made their homes near Cambridge because of the ready access to world-leading talent and brainpower, the publication continues.

Professor Adrian Kent, a quantum physicist at the Universitys Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, told Varsity: Recognition is always pleasing, of course, but were really focussed on enjoying work in this amazing field and doing the best science we can.

The Quantum Daily describes the Centre for Quantum Information and Foundations (CQIF), based at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, as an example of the Universitys ability to combine research, teaching and service to encourage the growth of this ecosystem.

Conventional (classical) computers use the bit (binary digit) as a unit of information, which can exist in one of two states represented by the digits 0 and 1. Quantum computers, on the other hand, operate on quantum bits, or qubits.

Qubits are governed by the laws of quantum mechanics, so can exist in both states at once. This phenomenon, known as entanglement, may in future allow quantum computers to perform calculations inaccessible to their classical counterparts.

Research at the CQIF currently focuses on theoretical and practical quantum cryptography and relativistic quantum cryptography a field invented at the CQIF, Kent and his colleagues told Varsity.

Quantum cryptography research is driven by the fact that the state of quantum systems is sensitive to measurement and observation, in principle making them ideal for secure communications.

The CQIF is a member of the UK Quantum Communications Hub, which Kent and the other researchers describe as a collaboration between many UK research groups, one of whose projects is building a secure quantum cryptographic network that will link nodes in Cambridge to Ipswich, London, Bristol and beyond.

Other research at the Centre investigates foundational questions probing the basic principles of quantum theory itself and its relationship to classical physics and gravity, as well as the overlap between quantum computing and classical computer science.

READ MORE

CERNs grand ambitions: are particle accelerators worth it?

CQIF is also examining quantum advantage, or why quantum computers are faster than classical computers, the researchers explained. A better understanding of key differences between behaviours of classical and quantum systems will help answer questions about how to build efficient quantum computers and design software to run on them.

Quantum information theory, the study of information transmission and manipulation in quantum systems, is another focus of research at the CQIF. In particular, Kent and his colleagues are interested in removing the traditionally considered assumptions to understand information transmission in more realistic conditions.

One such assumption is that quantum systems are memoryless, meaning the probability of an event occurring does not depend on how much time has elapsed since the last event, they explained.

The researchers toldVarsity of their enjoyment of the depth and breadth of research in the CQIF, and the diverse backgrounds and expertise of those working at the centre.

It often leads to useful discussions between the different members of CQIF, resulting in cross-fertilization of ideas from different areas, useful insights and, ultimately, exciting results, they continued.

This recognition will hopefully contribute to more talented young scientists aspiring to work in this inspiring place.

In addition to Cambridge, TheQuantum Dailys list includes other organisations from around the world. The Chinese Academy of Science, the Max Planck Society and Harvard University were among those chosen.

Varsity is the independent newspaper for the University of Cambridge, established in its current form in 1947. In order to maintain our editorial independence, our print newspaper and news website receives no funding from the University of Cambridge or its constituent Colleges.

We are therefore almost entirely reliant on advertising for funding, and during this unprecedented global crisis, we expect to have a tough few months and years ahead.

In spite of this situation, we are going to look at inventive ways to look at serving our readership with digital content and of course in print too.

Therefore we are asking our readers, if they wish, to make a donation from as little as 1, to help with our running costs at least until this global crisis ends and things begin to return to normal.

Many thanks, all of us here at Varsity would like to wish you, your friends, families and all of your loved ones a safe and healthy few months ahead.

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