In the midst of this very challenging oil and gas period, the lesson learnt is that no matter how defensive certain segments in the industry does, in the end, if the industry suffers, all your customers will lay in to you, unless you are a sole sourced provider. (My full analysis here)

Nordic Group operates in the scaffolding and insulation space of the oil and gas industry.

On 12 Jan they put out an announcement that they had renew many of the maintenance contracts with a duration of 1 or 2 years with several of their petrochemical and pharma customers.

While the oil and gas industry suffers, these refining spaces still needs to keep them in good condition due to strict regulations. If they are not safe they cannot operate.

With low oil prices, refining functions need to do well to offset the poor performance in other areas.

The dollar value stated in this announcement look small at $7.7 mil considering we are trying to target a $10 mil/year earnings.

The margins for these maintenance should be much lower than their maintenance projects. Note that these maintenance are daily man power and resources maintenance around the facility whereas there is another maintenance projects that is done every 2 to 3 years during plant shutdown.

The latter will be more lucrative.

The latter in this case may get delayed.

But essentially they have more or less secured the cash flow for the next 2 to 3 years.

Its what happens in the future when the oil majors Exxon and Chevron decides to delay the maintenance projects.

Share price of Nordic Group still holding strong in this onslaught. I believe their holders are strong holders.

I cannot understand some lunch conversations or small talk during family gathering.

Perhaps because of the structured way I look at things, some of peoples point of view dont make much sense to me.

One very common one is the definition of Rich.

Here is some of the ways rich is defined:

She doesnt use a coupon to get a discount for her fast food when the coupon is there for her, because she is rich.

They can afford to have 4 children, therefore they are rich

They work in civil service, they are much richer than us

He drives a continental car and fetches her to work, he is rich to be able to afford that

The family goes for 3 holidays a year, one that is non-southeast Asia, they must be rich

If he can buy that 3 bedroom condo he must be rich

He plays the stock market, he must be doing damn well

The people they are talking about might well be rich, but notice that there is much inference here.

What we show on the outside and what people see defines how rich we can be.

A person is also rich, when they can afford things better than you are.

The flaw in assessing how rich we are is that what you own and the lifestyle you live do not fully show the extend of how financially dependent or financially independent you are. The person driving the Audi could very well be struggling to pay for the Audi but need the Audi due to the sales nature of his job.

Comparing against oneself do not show the extend of wealth as if you are earning $1000/mth a lot of people would be richer by that definition.

We need a better scale or meter.

And we also need a sensible way to show how a person have improved his or her financial situation over time to put them in a better position.

It is this reason why we want to build wealth the right way.

The following 8 different stages are the stages that we can measure how a person have progressed in life when it comes to wealth.

I didnt create this set of milestones in our journey towards financial indepenfdence. Joshua Sheats from Radical Personal Finance formalize these stages and there is no reason to take and change it when they describe the progression very well.

Through these stages, you can also use it as a benchmark to measure how rich your peers, family and friends are.

A person at this stage, to put it simply have a lot of baggage.

Firstly, he or she has to depend on others for survival, for extravagant things or to take care of daily expenses.

Net Worth (Equity) = Assets Liabilities

Net Worth is usually what we use to determine if a person or entity is in a good financial shape.

The Assets are the stuff that:

The Liabilities are

A Financially Dependent person have a negative net worth meaning the assets that he has is less than the liabilities.

A Financially Dependent person has to borrow consistently from banks, institutions, friends and family for the lifestyle that he or she lives.

You might see him always driving the newest cars, switching from a HDB flat to a condo and bringing his family to European holidays for 3 years in a row.

If you assess his net worth it might be a different story.

Secondly, a financially dependent person is unable to keep his cash outflowsbelow his cash inflows.

Net Cash Flow = Cash Inflow Cash Outflow

Cash Inflow are:

Cash Outflow are:

A Financially Dependent person is likely to have a net cash flow that is negative.

How can a person spend out more than he or she earns?

Because you can borrow from others. You can get your family to pay for your house or give you an allowance. The latter is a good situation to be in.

But is the person DEPENDENT on others?

Yes he or she is.

When you are dependent on others, the person have some hold over you.

In this case, they are your friends, boss, company and the banks. If they are not happy about something, they can push that situation to you to create stress in your life.

Can a person be having a positive net worth yet net cash flow negative?

Yes. The person may have assets that is of value, but his family members are servicing his assets.

He may also have lost his job, move on to a lower paying position, but still keeping his cars and big house, but having a very problematic time servicing his home.

Can a person be having a negative net worth yet net cash flow positive?

Yes. The person owes some debt, but he is keeping within payment which is a good thing. The person may be making a conscious effort to pay down the debt or to build up the assets.

He could be taking on debt for studies so that he can earn more in the future.

These are good debts.

But is the person dependent on banks or family members at this point? Likely yes.

Financially Dependent can be good or can be bad, we are not demonizing people at this stage. It depends very much on what the person builds up in his assets.

If a financially dependent person proceed to improve in how he or she manages the wealth, they become Financially Solvent.

When they achieve Financial Solvency:

A person that is financially dependent and progress to this stage shows either higher motivation, a change of their money beliefs and values, a more conducive environment that assisted them to realize they need to be more responsible.

As their net cash flow is positive, they can start putting money away to building wealth, paying down more debts or saving for some goals.

A person proceeds to achieve Financial Stability when they manage to build up some emergency funds.

A persons emergency fund, is more important then paying off all his or her debts.

Without the emergency fund, a financially solvent person would be paying off his debts with all his net cash flows and one hospital emergency, and he would have to turn to his credit card or other family members for help.

An emergency fund of $3000 helps a lot, even if it is not the full amount we usually recommend.

To find out how an emergency fund works and how to build it up, you can read this comprehensive guide that I wrote.

A person that achieves Financial Stability tends to have achieve Financial Solvency as well.

Debt Freedom is achieved when a person is able to pay off all his or her debts.

That seems drastic because for most people, their mortgage is 25 to 30 years, which means that it will take a long time to be free from debt.

However, we tend to consider Debt Freedom to be achieved when the person paid off all their high interest debt except mortgage debt.

Mortgage debt due to the duration and that the banks can foreclosed and sell off your place, tend to have the lowest interest, and essentially a dwelling is important to some for stable family building.

A person that achieves Debt Freedom tend to have achieve the previous 2 stages as well.

When a Financially Solvent person have a positive net cash flow, he or she can put the cash flow to building wealth.

When the person develops these Wealth Machines, their wealth fund would grow and be able to distribute wealth cash flow either by selling off assets systematically, or in the form of interest income, dividend income, business income.

Financial Security is reached when your Wealth Machine(s) is able to provide a wealth cash flow that is greater than your annual survival expenses.

The annual survival expenses is not all your current expenses, but is the minimal amount that, with this set of expenses paid, the family does not go hungry and can live on.

There are no luxuries or rich living here.

Financial Security is a stage that is very attractive because it gives a person optionality.

It enables the person to make a riskier career move without worrying too much about the repercussions, take a break from work, or pivot to semi-employment.

The person is one who do not have to give a crap about how the boss thinks when his basic survival is not determine by the moods of his or her boss.

Related: How much wealth do you need to achieve financial security, financial independence and retirement?

Stage 5 is a progression from Stage 4.

Financial Independence happens whenyour Wealth Machine(s) is able to provide a wealth cash flow that is greater than your annual current expenses.

We can rate a person having an Audi as rich, but to me if a person has an investment property and a portfolio that provides a wealth cash flow covering what he and his family needs now, that is truly a position to be enviable.

Once you are past stage 5, the rest is the stuff of fairy tales.

Financial Freedom happens when your stable of Wealth Machine(s) is able to provide more than your annual expenses but also one or two extravagant things that have previously not considered.

What is life if you slog so hard and not get to enjoy?

The rest is here:
Investment Moats Wealth Mentor for Financial Independence

A foreign direct investment (FDI) is a controlling ownership in a business enterprise in one country by an entity based in another country.[1]

Foreign direct investment is distinguished from portfolio foreign investment, a passive investment in the securities of another country such as public stocks and bonds, by the element of "control".[1] According to the Financial Times, "Standard definitions of control use the internationally agreed 10 percent threshold of voting shares, but this is a grey area as often a smaller block of shares will give control in widely held companies. Moreover, control of technology, management, even crucial inputs can confer de facto control."[1]

The origin of the investment does not impact the definition as an FDI: the investment may be made either "inorganically" by buying a company in the target country or "organically" by expanding operations of an existing business in that country.

Broadly, foreign direct investment includes "mergers and acquisitions, building new facilities, reinvesting profits earned from overseas operations and intra company loans". In a narrow sense, foreign direct investment refers just to building new facilities. The numerical FDI figures based on varied definitions are not easily comparable. As a part of the national accounts of a country, and in regard to the GDP equation Y=C+I+G+(X-M)[Consumption + gross Investment + Government spending +(exports - imports)], where I is domestic investment plus foreign investment, FDI is defined as the net inflows of investment (inflow minus outflow) to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor.[2] FDI is the sum of equity capital, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown the balance of payments. FDI usually involves participation in management, joint-venture, transfer of technology and expertise. Stock of FDI is the net (i.e., inward FDI minus outward FDI) cumulative FDI for any given period. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares.[3] FDI is one example of international factor movements A foreign direct investment (FDI) is a controlling ownership in a business enterprise in one country by an entity based in another country. Foreign direct investment is distinguished from portfolio foreign investment, a passive investment in the securities of another country such as public stocks and bonds, by the element of "control".[1] According to the Financial Times, "Standard definitions of control use the internationally agreed 10 percent threshold of voting shares, but this is a grey area as often a smaller block of shares will give control in widely held companies. Moreover, control of technology, management, even crucial inputs can confer de facto control."

According to Grazia Ietto-Gillies (2012),[4] prior to Stephen Hymers theory regarding direct investment in the 1960s, the reasons behind Foreign Direct Investment and Multinational Corporations were explained by neoclassical economics based on macro economic principles. These theories were based on the classical theory of trade in which the motive behind trade was a result of the difference in the costs of production of goods between two countries, focusing on the low cost of production as a motive for a firms foreign activity. For example, Joe S. Bain only explained the internationalization challenge through three main principles: absolute cost advantages, product differentiation advantages and economies of scale. Furthermore, the neoclassical theories were created under the assumption of the existence of perfect competition. Intrigued by the motivations behind large foreign investments made by corporations from the United States of America, Hymer developed a framework that went beyond the existing theories, explaining why this phenomenon occurred, since he considered that the previously mentioned theories could not explain foreign investment and its motivations.

Facing the challenges of his predecessors, Hymer focused his theory on filling the gaps regarding international investment. The theory proposed by the author approaches international investment from a different and more firm-specific point of view. As opposed to traditional macroeconomics-based theories of investment, Hymer states that there is a difference between mere capital investment, otherwise known as portfolio investment, and direct investment. The difference between the two, which will become the cornerstone of his whole theoretical framework, is the issue of control, meaning that with direct investment firms are able to obtain a greater level of control than with portfolio investment. Furthermore, Hymer proceeds to criticize the neoclassical theories, stating that the theory of capital movements cannot explain international production. Moreover, he clarifies that FDI is not necessarily a movement of funds from a home country to a host country, and that it is concentrated on particular industries within many countries. In contrast, if interest rates were the main motive for international investment, FDI would include many industries within fewer countries. Another interesting observation made by Hymer went against what was maintained by the neoclassical theories: foreign direct investment is not limited to investment of excess profits abroad. In fact, foreign direct investment can be financed through loans obtained in the host country, payments in exchange for equity (patents, technology, machinery etc.), and other methods. The previous criticisms, along with assuming market imperfections, led Hymer to propose the three main determinants of foreign direct investment:

Hymer's importance in the field of International Business and Foreign Direct Investment stems from him being the first to theorize about the existence of Multinational Enterprises (MNE) and the reasons behind Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) beyond macroeconomic principles, his influence on later scholars and theories in International Business, such as the OLI (Ownership, Location and Internationalization) theory by John Dunning and Christos Pitelis which focuses more on transaction costs. Moreover, the efficiency-value creation component of FDI and MNE activity was further strengthened by two other major scholarly developments in the 1990s: the resource-based (RBV) and evolutionary theories" (Dunning & Pitelis, 2008) [5] In addition, some of his predictions later materialized, for example the power of supranational bodies such as IMF or the World Bank that increases inequalities (Dunning & Piletis, 2008).

The foreign direct investor may acquire voting power of an enterprise in an economy through any of the following methods:

Foreign direct investment incentives may take the following forms:[citation needed]

Governmental Investment Promotion Agencies (IPAs) use various marketing strategies inspired by the private sector to try and attract inward FDI, including Diaspora marketing.

The rapid growth of world population since 1950 has occurred mostly in developing countries.[citation needed] This growth has been matched by more rapid increases in gross domestic product, and thus income per capita has increased in most countries around the world since 1950.[9]

An increase in FDI may be associated with improved economic growth due to the influx of capital and increased tax revenues for the host country. Host countries often try to channel FDI investment into new infrastructure and other projects to boost development. Greater competition from new companies can lead to productivity gains and greater efficiency in the host country and it has been suggested that the application of a foreign entitys policies to a domestic subsidiary may improve corporate governance standards. Furthermore, foreign investment can result in the transfer of soft skills through training and job creation, the availability of more advanced technology for the domestic market and access to research and development resources.[10] The local population may benefit from the employment opportunities created by new businesses.[11] In many instances, the investing company is simply transferring its older production capacity and machines, which might still be appealing to the host country because of technological lags or under-development, in order to avoid competition against its own products by the host country/company.

A 2010 meta-analysis of the effects of foreign direct investment on local firms in developing and transition countries suggests that foreign investment robustly increases local productivity growth. [12] The Commitment to Development Index ranks the "development-friendliness" of rich country investment policies.

FDI in China, also known as RFDI (renminbi foreign direct investment), has increased considerably in the last decade, reaching $59.1 billion in the first six months of 2012, making China the largest recipient of foreign direct investment and topping the United States which had $57.4 billion of FDI.[13] In 2013 the FDI flow into China was $64.1 billion, resulting in a 34.7% market share of FDI into the Asia-Pacific region. By contrast, FDI out of China in 2013 was $18.97 billion, 10.7% of the Asia-Pacific share.[14]

During the global financial crisis FDI fell by over one-third in 2009 but rebounded in 2010.[15]

Foreign investment was introduced in 1991 under Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), driven by then finance minister Manmohan Singh. As Singh subsequently became the prime minister, this has been one of his top political problems, even in the current times.[16][17] India disallowed overseas corporate bodies (OCB) to invest in India.[18] India imposes cap on equity holding by foreign investors in various sectors, current FDI in aviation and insurance sectors is limited to a maximum of 49%.[19][20]

Starting from a baseline of less than $1 billion in 1990, a 2012 UNCTAD survey projected India as the second most important FDI destination (after China) for transnational corporations during 20102012. As per the data, the sectors that attracted higher inflows were services, telecommunication, construction activities and computer software and hardware. Mauritius, Singapore, US and UK were among the leading sources of FDI. Based on UNCTAD data FDI flows were $10.4 billion, a drop of 43% from the first half of the last year.[21]

Nine from 10 largest foreign companies investing in India(from April 2000- January 2011) are based in Mauritius .[22] List of the ten largest foreign companies investing in India(from April 2000- January 2011) are as follows [22] --

In 2015 India emerged as top FDI destination surpassing China and the US. In first half of the 2015 India attracted FDI of $31 billion compared to $28 billion and $27 billion of China and the US respectively.[23][24]

Broadly speaking, the United States has a fundamentally "open economy" and low barriers to FDI.[25]

U.S. FDI totaled $194[26] Billion in 2010. 84% of FDI in the United States in 2010 came from or through eight countries: Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Canada.[27] A major source of investment is the real estate, the foreign investment in this area totaled $92.2 billion in 2013,[28] under various forms of purchase structures (considering the U.S. taxation and residency laws).[citation needed]

A 2008 study by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco indicated that foreigners hold greater shares of their investment portfolios in the United States if their own countries have less developed financial markets, an effect whose magnitude decreases with income per capita. Countries with fewer capital controls and greater trade with the United States also invest more in U.S. equity and bond markets.[29]

White House data reported in 2011 found that a total of 5.7 million workers were employed at facilities highly dependent on foreign direct investors. Thus, about 13% of the American manufacturing workforce depended on such investments. The average pay of said jobs was found as around $70,000 per worker, over 30% higher than the average pay across the entire U.S. workforce.[25]

President Barack Obama said in 2012, "In a global economy, the United States faces increasing competition for the jobs and industries of the future. Taking steps to ensure that we remain the destination of choice for investors around the world will help us win that competition and bring prosperity to our people."[25]

In September 2013, the United States House of Representatives voted to pass the Global Investment in American Jobs Act of 2013 (H.R. 2052; 113th Congress), a bill which would direct the United States Department of Commerce to "conduct a review of the global competitiveness of the United States in attracting foreign direct investment".[30] Supporters of the bill argued that increased foreign direct investment would help job creation in the United States.[31]

Foreign direct investment by country[32] and by industry[33] are tracked by Statistics Canada. Foreign direct investment accounted for CAD$634 billion in 2012, eclipsing the United States in this economic measure. Global FDI inflows and outflows are tabulated by Statistics Canada.[34]

The UK has a very free market economy and is open to foreign investment. Prime Minister David Cameron has sought investment from emerging markets and from the Far East in particular and some of Britain's largest infrastructure including energy and skyscrapers such as The Shard have been built with foreign investment.

In 1991,[35] for the first time, Russia regulated the form, range and favorable policy of FDI in Russia.

In 1994,[35] a consulting council of FDI was established in Russia, which was responsible for setting tax rate and policies for exchange rate, improving investment environment, mediating relationship between central and local government, researching and improving images of FDI work, and increasing the right and responsibility of Ministry of Economic in appealing FDI and enforcing all kinds of policies.

In 1997,[35] Russia starts to enact policies for appealing FDI on particular industries, for example, fossil fuel, gas, woods, transportation, food reprocessing, etc.

In 1999,[35] Russia announced a law named FDI of Russian Federation, which aimed at providing a basic guarantee for foreign investors on investing, running business, earnings.

In 2008,[35] Russia banned on FDI on strategic industries, such as military defense and country safety.

In 2014,[36] president Putin announced that once abroad Russian investment inflows legally, it would not be checked by tax or law sector. This is a favorable policy of Putin to appeal Russian investment to come back.

Foreign Direct Investment

Read more:
Foreign direct investment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Your savings increase with a small amount every month.

Alpha Investment Plan is a saving account for the clients who are interested to save their money through standing orders from their current accounts. This account offers higher interest rate compare with a current account and savings account.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACCOUNT:

Currency:

LEK, EUR, USD

Tenor:

No limit

The clients can withdrawal the money in every moment without penalty.

Account Opening only for the clients that signs the standing order form and agree to invest their funds on regular bases from the C/A to Investment Planning account.

No account opening charge

No maintenance fee for investment plan account

Account closing commission 10 EUR, 10 USD, 1,000 ALL.

If no standing order is available for 3 consecutive months, the outstanding balance of investment plan will be transfer into the source account.

Interest Rate

The interest is calculated on quarterly bases according to the daily balance and is credit into the account in the end of every quarterly based into the investment plan account.

Required Documents

Albanian Citizens:

ID Card or

Passport

* Passport for residents in Albania

All the deposits in Alpha Bank - Albania are insured in accordance with the applicable law No. 53/14, date 22/05/2014 "For the Insurance of Deposits". Deposits Insurance Agency (ASD) ensure and compensate all individual deposits in Lek and other currencies, for resident and nonresident individual clients up to the amount 2.500.000 Lek, in banking system.

For more information follow the web page of ASD: http://www.asd.gov.al

Please download here the Interest Rate News-Letter

Read the original:
Alpha Investment Plan - Alpha Bank Albania

Here at Albania Real Estate, our main goal is to make it easier for everyone to rent or buy or sell their property. We provide clients with detailed information on all our properties such as location, description, and pictures. After you've done your research on our site please contact us and let us know what you are considering. One of our experienced agents will inform you more on your decision and maybe offer a few more ideas that may benefit you. "An informed customer is a happy customer" and happy customers are who we're after. Our agents will work hard to help you find the property you are looking for. You will then meet one of our agents who will accompany you on-site, and will help you arrange a compromise with the owners. Our staff will carefully arrange all documents necessary, while ensuring that both parties' terms are met. Albania Real Estate will be with you every step of the way. We are a young , motivated and skillfull staff. Please dont hesitate to Contact Us.

We also assist the interested parties on various procedures of investment for tourism development in the Albanian Riviera .

Follow this link:
RealEstate.al - Apartment-Villa-Office For rent or for sale ...

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Attractiveness of foreign investments in Albania